Today‚ earnings management methods‚ such as income smoothing‚ are becoming more and more ubiquitous ways of improving earnings quality and attractiveness to investors. Because investors pay such close attention to income levels and firm stability‚ such methods are coming under heavy scrutiny‚ and are receiving more attention in the way of research and studies. The scrutiny is an attempt to explain the effects‚ and whether or not‚ in the long-run‚ these methods of earnings management are‚ in fact
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sustained increase in real GDP increases a nation’s standard of living providing that output rises faster than the total population. However it must be remembered that real income per capita on its own is both an inaccurate and insufficient indicator of true living standards both within and between countries. National income data can be used to make cross-country comparisons. This requires * Converting GDP data into a common currency (normally the dollar or the Euro) * Making an adjustment to
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Accounting for Income Tax The standard prescribes the accounting treatment for income taxes is AASB 112 AASB 112 is based on a balance sheet approach to account for income taxes and it covers: • the accounting treatment of current and deferred tax expenses; • recognition and measurement of current tax assets and liabilities; • recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities; • the accounting treatment of the tax consequences of various transactions and events‚ including
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CASE STUDY: Modernization of NTUC Income? 1.)What were the problems faced by Income in this case? How were the problems solved by thenew digital system? The insurance operations in the company income tired and very laborious and require a large number of staff and rely on the system documentary‚ which led to the complexity of operations and the collapse of the system hp3000 central frequently and who was treated applications cooperative insurance and accounting information systems and administrative
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SOURCES OF BANK’S INCOME A bank is a business organisation engaged in the business of borrowing and lending money. A bank can earn income only if it borrows at a lower rate and lends at a higher rate. The difference between the two rates will represent the costs incurred by the bank and the profit. Bank also provides a number of services to its customers for which it charges commission. This is also an important source of income. The followings are the various sources of a bank’s profit: 1
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‚ n.d. Street directory. [Online] Available at: http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/183448/finance/the_role_of_collateral_manager_in_trade_finance.html [Accessed 24 October 2014]. Fabozzi‚ F. J. & Mann‚ S. V.‚ 2005. THE HANDBOOK OF FIXED INCOME ANALYSIS. 7 ed. United States: McGraw-Hill. Appendix Table 1 Table 2 Table 3
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$230‚000 per year‚ covering both stand-by duties and normal duties‚ gives rise to assessable income.1 Nonetheless‚ her normal travel expenses from home to the place of employment or business are not deductible under Section 8-1 as such costs are not qualified to satisfy the positive limb of the general deductions provisions‚ that is‚ they are not sufficiently related to the production of assessable income.2 Rather‚ the normal travelling expenses are incurred because of a private choice to live somewhere
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Many individuals classify as the prosperous or unfortunate‚ and the differentiation amongst the two groups continue to expand yearly; this categorization is known as income inequality. The sociological perspective‚ more so the structural functionalism‚ also identified as functionalism‚ can be used to further examine income inequality. Structural functionalism was introduced by Talcott Parsons‚ and it accentuates that efficient healthcare and excellent wellbeing are two fundamental factors for a human
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Steven Bernal Income Distribution Egoist The manner in which Income is being distributed in today’s society is not efficiently benefiting individuals. Struggling businesses are unable to afford an adequate number of employees due to minimum wage requirements and this in turn is taking away the opportunity of less qualified personnel to obtain the position for less pay and receive training. People are looking to tax inheritance in hopes of creating a more equal opportunity for everyone
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In economics‚ the terms circular flow of income or circular flowrefer to a simple economic model which describes the reciprocal circulation of income between producers and consumers.[1][2] In the circular flow model‚ the inter-dependent entities of producer and consumer are referred to as "firms" and "households" respectively and provide each other with factors in order to facilitate the flow of income.[1] Firms provide consumers with goods and services in exchange for consumer expenditure and "factors
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