Fiscal Federalism and the Growth of Local Government Expenditure in Nigeria (1976 – 2006): A Structural Analysis By Muhammed Tanimu NSU/ADM/Ph.D./032/10/11 A Seminar Paper Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Ph.D in Public Administration to the Department of Public Administration‚ Faculty of Administration‚ Nasarawa State University‚ Keffi 2012 Abstract The paper highlights and assesses the nature‚ quality‚ value of particular issues and matters that have
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Public Debt Management Introduction Public (Sovereign) debt management is the process of establishing and executing a strategy for managing the government’s debt in order to raise the required amount of funding‚ achieve its risk and cost objectives and to meet any other sovereign debt management goals the government may have set‚ such as developing and maintaining an efficient market for government securities. In a broader macroeconomic context for public policy‚ governments should seek to
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In Public Opinion: Democratic Ideals‚ Democratic Practice‚ Rosalee Clawson and Zoe Oxley interpret public opinion as an individual’s beliefs and preferences in regards to all governmental matters and policies.(424) These individual ideas collectively are viewed as the overall populations opinions summarized and can be reflected by a poll. By collecting these opinions through the polling process‚ lawmakers are likely to take these opinions into consideration when creating and/or regulating a policy
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Motivation in the Public Sector Gerardo Martinez California State University‚ Long Beach Motivation in the Public Sector The topic that I have selected to write about is in regards to creating and maintaining employee motivation in the public sector. I wish to explore the topic and investigate the existing problems‚ theories‚ applications‚ trade-offs and ideas for different types of motivational strategies. This topic falls under the compensation‚ benefits‚ and training functional
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In today’s society work is most likely to be associated with paid work. We always tell people about our paid employment‚ the work where we receive a regular income. So the work we do can play a role in defining our identity and how we see our self. Your employment can also play a major role in terms of; determining a person’s level of income‚ defining a person’s status‚ social class and a person’s Life chances. For example those in upper class enjoy greater life chances than those in working class
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From past to present; the changing focus of public health by Maria Joyce Key sections include: Environment‚ infectious disease‚ locating public health‚ the enlightenment‚ the Sanitarians‚ national provision of services‚ the inception of the National Health Service‚ ‘crisis in health’‚ The New Right‚ The Third Way‚ new public health. Public health‚ the new ideology may be taken to mean the promotion of healthy lifestyles linked to behaviour and individual responsibility supported by government
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Local Health Departments. Community/public health nursing practice: health for families and populations (3rd ed.‚ p. 727). St. Louis‚ MO: Elsevier/Saunders. References Agar‚ M.H. (1973). Ethnography and the addict. In Nadar‚ L.‚ and Maretzki‚ T.W.‚ (eds.) Cultural Illness and Health. Washington‚ DC: American Anthropological Association. Agar‚ M.H. (1986). Speaking of ethnography. Beverly Hills‚ CA: Sage Publications American Nurses Association (ANA) (2007). Public health nursing: Scope and standards
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Lucas: The Art of Public Speaking‚ 8/e PREFACE If it is true‚ as Walter Pater said‚ that “a book‚ like a person‚ has its fortunes‚” then fortune has indeed smiled upon The Art of Public Speaking. As the book enters its eighth edition‚ I am deeply appreciative of the students and teachers who have made it the leading work on its subject at colleges and universities across the United States. In preparing this edition‚ I have retained what readers have identified as the main strengths of
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Public Health and Cholera In the mid 1800s there were many outbreaks of cholera effecting and killing hundreds of people. It was in 1854 that a Doctor called John Snow discovered the cause behind the disease. Snow realised there was a link between cholera and water and meticulously researched this until there was no doubt that his theory was correct. His investigation involved looking at the case of a widow who lived in the suburbs‚ an area that was clear of cholera‚ but she still
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+0)26-4 Accounting Theory NEED FOR ACCOUNTING Business is one of the sources of earning income. Whenever a business is started‚ it requires investment of certain amount which is called as capital. With this amount of capital the businessman may deal either with trading business or manufacturing business. In a trading business‚ he will buy goods at a lesser price and sells the same to others at a higher price. In case of manufacturing business‚ he has to buy raw materials and incur other
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