Ethical Theories It is vital for businesses to understand the importance of ethics in this dynamic environment. Organizations that are committed to long term success recognize and realize that creating a culture where ethical behaviors are rewarded and encouraged is the ultimate key to survival and growth. According to Joseph 2003‚ business ethics refers to clear standards and norms that help employees to distinguish right from wrong behavior at work‚ while in the other hand ethical theories are theories
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Equity Theory by John Stacey Adams Equity Theory attempts to explain relational satisfaction in terms of perceptions of fair/unfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships. Equity theory is considered as one of the justice theories; it was first developed in 1962 by John Stacey Adams‚ a workplace and behavioral psychologist‚ who asserted that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a job and the outcomes that they receive from it against the
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Theory of Mind From "Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science" Theory of mind refers to the everyday psychology that we use to understand and explain our own and others’ actions by reference to mental states‚ such as ‘desiring’‚ ‘knowing’ and ‘believing’. INTRODUCTION The expression ‘theory of mind’ (ToM) was introduced into psychology by David Premack and Guy Woodruff in 1978. Asking‚ ‘Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?’‚ they described experiments to assess whether the primate most closely
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Maf635 i) McClelland’s Theory of Needs McClelland’s theory of needs was created by David Clarence McClelland. He is known for his work in the field of motivation. McClelland was influenced to come up with the theory of needs after further developed the theory of Henry Murray who was one of the original psychologists to scrutinize human needs. This theory is important in influencing the person’s motivation and effectiveness in certain job functions. The theory of needs is being classified into
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Functional Theory of Attitude – From the marketing point of view this is based on the need fulfilment of a buying behaviour. The functions that attitudes perform are : 1.Utilitarian – Consumers buy products to fulfil their need‚ enjoy some benefit‚ get someextra features & receive after-sales service. If they get it as per their expectations‚ theydevelop a positive attitude towards that product. If not then a negative attitude isdeveloped. Marketers usually stress & highlight the positive
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there are many theories on this topic it is impossible to prove any of them and thus this problem is still unresolved. How is it that we can understand more about the universe and science than ever before but do not understand what it is that enables us to understand‚ that is the mind? To answer this rather complicated problem there are many solutions‚ or theories‚ each with their good points but none which are totally convincing‚ though some seem more though than others. These theories are Dualism
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Graph theory - the study of graphs and networks‚ is often considered part of combinatorics‚ but has grown large enough and distinct enough‚ with its own kind of problems‚ to be regarded as a subject in its own right.[12] Graphs are one of the prime objects of study in discrete mathematics. They are among the most ubiquitous models of both natural and human-made structures. They can model many types of relations and process dynamics in physical‚ biological and social systems. In computer science‚
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6B: Classical and Neoclassical Theories of Money Business cycles tend to be relatively minor and are quickly and automatically cured so that the economy will return to its original full employment equilibrium according to: (a) the population dynamics theory. (b) psychological theories of the business cycle. (c) Joseph Schumpeter’s theory of creative destruction. (d) classical macroeconomic theory. (e) external shock theory. A graph showing a positive relationship between the interest rate
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System Model : Inspiration for the Behavioral System Model Florence Nightingale Grand Theorist: Nursing Hans Selye Endocrinologist: Father of Stress Talcott Parsons Sociologist: Social Action Theory Model was also inspired by behavioral scientists in psychology‚ sociology‚ and ethnology and System Theory scientist . Dorothy Johnson’s Perspective: Dorothy Johnson ’ s Perspective Major Concepts: Attachment- Affiliative Subsystem Dependency Subsystem Ingestive Subsystem Eliminative Subsystem
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Expectancy theory The expectancy theory was proposed by Victor H. Vroom; this motivation theory is mainly based on the efforts of every individual‚ and their belief in achieving rewards. Furthermore individuals consider 3 main issues‚ before making an effort to perform at a given level. As mentioned by (Richards n.d.) (anonymous 2011)The first of them is Expectancy which is the belief of the employees that better efforts will result in better performance‚ which is something that the phone services
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