involved when two incompressible substances are mixed together. 12 experiments were performed‚ 10 involving the combination of a measured amount of hot and cold water and 2 involving the combination of ice and liquid water‚ the majority of these experiments were performed three times. The average variance in final temperature for each experiment was less than 10 percent providing proof of repeatability. Equipment used during the experiment included a gram scale‚ thermocouple‚ Styrofoam cup‚ glass beakers
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THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM AND TEMPERATURE Two systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium with each other‚ if they are at the same temperature. ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS It states that if two systems A and B are in thermal equilibrium with a third system C‚ then A and B must be in thermal equilibrium with each other. Fig. 1.01 shows two systems A and B separated by an adiabatic wall (a wall which does not allow hear flow).The two systems are placed in contact
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Experiment 5: Shifting Equilibrium A solution is in equilibrium when the rate of forward reaction and the rate of reverse reaction are equal. This equilibrium may be disturbed when the concentration of the reactants‚ the concentration of the products or the temperature is changed. If the process involves gases‚ a change in pressure can also affect the position of equilibrium. The concept behind this is Le Chatelier ’s Principle which states that when a system is disturbed through application
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Experiment 15 Title: Equilibrium studies Objective: 1. To study the effect of concentration and temperature changes on equilibrium. 2. To predict the direction of the net reaction in an equilibrium system by Le Chatelier’s principle. Results: Part 1 (a): Effect of temperature changes on equilibrium Cu(NO3)2 (aq) Cu(NO3)2 (s) The color of the solution = dark blue with precipitate When placed in water bath 60oC When placed in ice bath The level of the solid
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1. Introduction When we say equilibrium‚ it is a state of balance. It is a condition where there is no change in the state of motion of a body. Equilibrium also may be at rest or moving within a constant velocity. A simple mechanical body is said to be in equilibrium if no part of it is accelerating‚ unless it is disturbed by an outside force. Two conditions for equilibrium are that the net force acting on the object is zero‚ and the net torque acting on the object is zero. Thus‚ the following objectives
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CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE EXPERIMENT 2 AMANDA BUCHANAN – SEPTEMEBER 15‚ 2015 CHEMISTRY 1212- SECTION 50 OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this experiment are to be able to define equilibrium‚ equilibrium position‚ equilibrium constant‚ reaction quotient and Le Chatelier’s Principle. Another objective is to explain how changes in temperature‚ pressure and concentration affect the equilibrium position of a reaction. Also‚ perform chemical equilibrium reactions and manipulate equilibrium positions through
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solution Chemical potential of an ideal solution Regular solutions: Heat of formation of a solution Activity of a component‚ Henry’s and Raoult’s laws Real solutions: interstitial solid solutions‚ ordered phases‚ intermediate phases‚ compounds Equilibrium in heterogeneous systems Reading: Chapter 1.3 of Porter and Easterling‚ Chapters 9.5‚ 9.6‚ 9.9‚ 9.10 of Gaskell MSE 3050‚ Phase Diagrams and Kinetics‚ Leonid Zhigilei Solid Solutions (terminology) Solid solutions are made of a host (the
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PHYS321 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics Thermal Physics Deals with a collection of a large number of particles “More is different!” --- P.W. Anderson It is effectively impossible to follow the motion and trajectory of each particle two approaches in thermal physics • Thermodynamics (macroscopic) • Statistical mechanics (microscopic) “Four fundamental pillars of our physical theory: general relativity‚ quantum mechanics‚ the theory of elementary particles and statistical mechanics… No
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of how good a material is at conducting heat is known as its thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity is defined as the rate at which heat flows through a certain area of a Object of the experiment is to determine the thermal conductivity of metals and insulation body.materials and also to demonstrate that heat flow is directly proportional to temperature differences between faces and to cross sectional area. Thermal conductivity is defined as:
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Experiment 1: Thermal Linear Expansion Abstract: The thermal linear expansion of copper and aluminum is the focus of this experiment where the two metals have a tendency to expand their length in response to the change of temperature. Each metals have their own coefficient of linear expansion which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature while the pressure is held constant. We ’re able to determine the theoretical coefficient of linear expansion of the two metals
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