Stress migration (SM) 3-20 3.2.8 Reliability of Cu wire 3-23 3.2.9 Al corrosion 3-25 3.2.10 Passivation crack 3-32 3.2.11 Growth of Au/Al compound 3-35 3.2.12 Secondary breakdown 3-36 3.2.13 Thermal fatigue 3-37 3.2.14 Ion migration 3-38 3.2.15 Sn whisker 3-39 3.2.16 Problems in surface mounting (package cracking) 3.2.17 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 3-44 3.2.18 i 3-40 Latch-up 3-53 Failure
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NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING UNIT 10 – PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS ASSIGNMENT 1: Structures and Properties of Engineering Materials. Special attention should be paid to the Grading Criteria‚ as this will influence the way you answer each of the tasks. For each question all tasks need to be answered correctly to achieve the relevant criteria. Question 1: (P1) With the aid of clear‚ annotated diagrams‚ describe the structure associated with the following engineering
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Aluminum is the third most plentiful element in the earth’s crust. It is the second most widely used material in new cars and trucks in the world. Before aluminum foil was invented‚ food and other items were packed in tin foil. However‚ tin foil was too stiff to be malleable‚ and some experts feared that it might affect food adversely. History Although others have vied for the honor‚ history credits Hans Christian Oersted‚ a Danish chemist for the initial discovery of aluminum foil‚ 1n 1825. On
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cross section area of 20 m2 and thickness of 3 cm. If the inner (hot) surface temperature is 600ºC and the thermal conductivity of the material is 0.5 W/mK‚ what is the outer surface temperature? Solution: Tout = 585 °C 1.2 The heat flux through a wood slab 50 mm thick‚ whose inner and outer temperatures are 40°C and 20ºC‚ respectively‚ has been determined to be 40 W/m2. What is the thermal conductivity of the wood? Solution: k = 0.1 W/mK 1.3 A concrete wall‚ which has a surface area of 20 m2 and
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means that during summer periods the intake air will not be will not be heated up when it comes into the heat exchange unit. This can help in maintaining comfortable indoor temperature. MVHR units helps save on energy bills as it retains heat for thermal comfort .Low and easy maintenance as they have easy accessible filters. They are easy to install. They operate on extremely low level of noise. Highly efficient with low running costs. MVHR are easy to be
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needs. Lighter weight than competing materials‚ reducing fuel consumption during transportation. Extreme durability. Resistance to chemicals‚ water and impact. Good safety and hygiene properties for food packaging. Excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties. Relatively inexpensive to produce. Plastics makes up around 7% of the average household dustbin. Effects of plastic-Curse. Plastics production also involves the use of potentially harmful chemicals‚ which are
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The Chartered Institute of Building CPD 24 Aug 2012 Environmental Living and Building Insulation – Revisited Presented by Mr Winston Lam‚ Envirobuilding Solutions 3 ft ? 20 ft ? 200 ft? Average emission factor of CO2 : 0.7kg CO2e per KWh Each tree can absorb 23kg of C02 throughout its life Building Energy Efficiency Ordinance (Cap. 610‚ Laws of Hong Kong SAR)‚ will be enforced on 21 September 2012. 1. Total annual electricity consumption of HK in
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people are hesitant about their use. This unwillingness is because of several myths that have developed over years and they are still impacting the people. Here are some of the common myths and the reality behind them: • Less energy efficiency – Thermal resistance and the potency to maintain a temperature inside a log house is considered impossible. It is true in case of those DIY strategies‚ where there is always a chance of mistake. However‚ a beautifully designed and well constructed real American
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simple‚ without specific strategies; (three) you will find robust against nature destruction and corrosion resistance‚ and ability to weather-resistant; (four) can withstand a wide array of variants‚ and nonetheless will not collapse. Fixed thermal insulation effect; (5) the superb technological foundation ensures that the coating thickness uniformity‚ additional corrosion-resistant; (six) save on transport costs. Is usually compressed into small volumes and involved in moisture-proof paper
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denier‚ to produce three different fabrics of 100% polyester fibers‚ 75% polyester/25% hollow polyester fibers‚ and 55% polyester45% hollow polyester fibers. Four fabric weights were produced: 300‚ 400‚ 500 and 600 g/m2. All samples were bonded using thermal bonding technique. More results were reached and most samples have achieved the expected results for example‚ samples produced with high percentage of hollow fibers have recorded the highest rates of sound absorption whereas samples produced with
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