CLIMATE CHANGE AND CARBON TRADING: NEW AVENUES FOR ACTUARIES (Submitted By: Anupam Sharma‚ Deepa Gupta‚ Subhash Goyal‚ Swati Kwatra) Executive summary The increasing risk of Climate change can be measured by the fact that natural catastrophes in 2008 cost the global economy $225 billion‚ which is one of the costliest year in the history of Insurance business. It will have an impact on Insurance sector in terms of changing pattern of mortality‚ more frequent property claims etc. Climate change
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fuels‚ than free flowing traffic. This 2008 image shows traffic congestion in Delhi. Air pollution in India is a serious issue with the major sources being fuelwood and biomass burning‚ fuel adulteration‚ vehicle emission and traffic congestion.[1][2] India has a low per capita emissions of greenhouse gases but the country as a whole is the third largest after China and the United States.[3] The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in 1981 to regulate air pollution and there have
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sector is already responsible for 12% of the UK’s overall climate change impact (taking into account the higher impact of carbon emissions at altitude). If recent rates of growth continue‚ aviation emissions could account for more than 30% of the UK’s emissions by 2050. Our work involves ensuring that these emissions are included in the UK Climate Change Act‚ the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and other international frameworks. We do not support airport expansion as we think we can use existing
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2015 Re: EPA Regulations for Carbon Dioxide The following memo pertains to new regulations proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Obama Administration’s Clean Power Plan that are designed to cut carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from new and existing coal-fired power plants. On August 1‚ 2014‚ the State of West Virginia‚ joined by Alabama‚ Indiana‚ Kansas‚ Kentucky‚ Louisiana‚ Nebraska‚ Ohio‚ Oklahoma‚ South Carolina‚ South Dakota‚ and Wyoming files a petition requesting
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This is the Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) AG SWOT analysis for 2013. For more information on how to do SWOT analysis please refer to our article. Company background Name Bayerische Motoren Werke AG Industries served Automotive Geographic areas served Worldwide Headquarters Germany Current CEO Norbert Reithofer Revenue € 76.848 billion (2012) Profit € 5.122 billion (2012) Employees 105‚876 (2012) Main Competitors Chrysler Group LLC‚ Daimler AG‚ Ford Motor Co.‚ General Motors Company
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For more than 20 years‚ Apple has been working on ways to minimize the impact to environment. As Apple reports‚ the products are manufactured‚ used‚ and recycled represents the largest percentage of Apple`s total greenhouse gas emissions. That is the reason why Apple has been designed and measured the performance in Product Environmental performance. Apple has developed its first environmental policy back in 1990‚ and put its mainly focus on energy efficient‚ reducing total use of
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Prices-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 11 | B: COE Prices in Singapore (Open Category 2012)------------------------------------------ | 13 | C: Asia Pacific Carbon Emission per Capita--------------------------------------------------- | 14 | D: Singapore Carbon Dioxide Emissions from 1990 to 2007----------------------------- | 15 | E: Contributors of CO2 by sectors--------------------------------------------------------------- | 16 | F: Car Population in Singapor
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Political action can change laws and regulations that relate to climate change‚ such as tax incentives‚ greenhouse gas emissions limits or establishing a regulatory framework within which carbon trading markets can operate. Political action can also gain media and public attention to climate change. Political action from the community‚ however‚ is often challenged by interests within the fossil-fuel industry.[1][2] Some climate change sceptic groups are independent of the fossil-fuel industry‚ such
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Definition of Tradable Permits The contemporary economists attempt to achieve environmental objectives using market based policies or indirect taxes. The taxes and programs are developed because the government attempts to limit the overall pollution that factories and industries excerpt. The most important aspect of tradable permits is that they can be traded between firms. This market based system allows firms to reduce pollution at the lowest cost possible. Unlike command economies that specify
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References: 1. Fisher‚ B.S. (1996). An Economic Assessment of Policy Instruments for Combating Climate Change. Cambridge University Press‚ Cambridge‚ UK‚ and New York‚ N.Y.‚ U.S.A. 2. Hoeller‚ P. and Wallin (1991). Energy‚ Prices‚ Taxes and Carbon Dioxide Emissions. OECD website. 3. www.carbontax.net.au‚ Australian carbon tax info. Website. 4. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com‚ World energy research website. 5. Helm‚ D. (2008). Climate – change policy: why has so little been achieved? Oxford Review of Economic
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