0 References | | | | | | | | 16 | 1.0 Introduction Thermochemistry is the study of the energy and heat associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations. A reaction may release or absorb energy‚ and a phase change may do the same‚ such as in melting and boiling. Thermochemistry focuses on these energy changes‚ particularly on the system ’s energy exchange with its surroundings. Thermochemistry is useful in predicting reactant and product quantities throughout the
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by W. Whitten‚ R. Davis‚ R.‚ M. L. Peck‚ and G. Stanley. Chemical Thermodynamics: Heat and Thermochemistry Thermodynamics & Thermochemistry Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformations to and from other forms of energy Thermochemistry is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the heat involved with chemical and physical changes Objectives 1. Define thermodynamics & thermochemistry 2. Define energy‚ heat and other thermodynamic terms 3. Define enthalpy 4. Discuss thermochemical
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The Calorimeters Calorimeters are a device that can measure the heat that comes from burning an item. Simple Calorimeter A simple calorimeter is used to detect the enthalpy change when a fuel is burned. The fuel is burnt to heat a specific mass of water and then measure its rise in temperature. The word calorimeter comes from the Latin phrase calor which means heat. A simple calorimeter just consists of a thermometer attached to a metal container full of water suspended above a combustion chamber
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3. Thermal energy 4. Chemical energy 5. Potential energy Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions Heat – is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperature. Thermochemistry – is the study of heat change in chemical reactions. Terms: System – part of the universe set aside for study. Surroundings – part of the universe outside the system Types of systems: 1. Open
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Thermochemistry Photo by: Arto Thermochemistry is the study of the heat released or absorbed as a result of chemical reactions. It is a branch of thermodynamics and is utilized by a wide range of scientists and engineers. For example‚ biochemists use thermochemistry to understand bioenergetics‚ whereas chemical engineers apply thermochemistry to design manufacturing plants. Chemical reactions involve the conversion of a set of substances collectively referred to as "reactants"
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Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry The study of energy and its transformations is known as thermodynamics. Thermochemistry is the branch of thermodynamics that relates to chemical reactions and energy changes involving heat. Most thermochemical studies are conducted in a laboratory where the transfer of heat can be carefully monitored in a closed system. The measurement of heat transfer is called calorimetry. The device in which heat transfer is measured is called a calorimeter. A calorimeter can be a sophisticated
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experiment‚ we us naphthalene as a fuel in bomb calorimeter which naphthalene powder is turned to pellet using pellet press. The fuel is burnt at constant volume condition in a high pressure container (the bomb). The whole bomb‚ pressurized with excess of oxygen. The mass of iron wire‚ ma =0.02g. The mass of naphthalene pellet with iron wire‚ mb =0.38g. The bomb is submerged in 850g of water and the initial temperature of calorimeter state temperature of calorimeter water before burning the fuel‚ Ti is
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procedures require the use of a calorimeter‚ which are of two types: a bomb calorimeter and a coffee cup calorimeter. Calorimeters are simply devices used to measure the amount of heat gained or lost in a system. Although this is not completely true‚ they are treated as isolated systems. A simple coffee-cup calorimeter can be constructed using two Styrofoam cups nested inside each other. The Styrofoam prevents heat loss to the surroundings‚ which makes it an ideal calorimeter.
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TUTORIAL 9: THERMOCHEMISTRY 1. 2. 3. The following terms are often used in thermochemistry. Explain each one of them by giving an appropriate example: (a) Standard enthalpy change (b) Exothermic process (c) Endothermic process Define and write an example of thermochemical equation for each of the following terms: (a) Enthalpy of formation (b) Enthalpy of combustion (c) Enthalpy of atomisation (d) Enthalpy of neutralisation (e) Enthalpy of hydration (f) Enthalpy of solution (dissolution)
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Discussions and Scientific Explanations The first goal of this project was to first construct a calorimeter. The second goal was to measure the heat capacity of the constructed calorimeter. The third and fourth goal was to determine what reactions were to be investigated and what variations of the reactions would be studied. The two requirements that were kept in mind while creating the calorimeter were that it should be a good insulator‚ meaning that it does not allow for the transfer of heat
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