3. Thermal energy 4. Chemical energy 5. Potential energy Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions Heat – is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies that are at different temperature. Thermochemistry – is the study of heat change in chemical reactions. Terms: System – part of the universe set aside for study. Surroundings – part of the universe outside the system Types of systems: 1. Open
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Case Analysis Kaspersky Lab: From Russia with Anti-virus Industry Background: Software Security Cybercrime has become a fast growing concern for the 21st century as businesses‚ institutions and individuals grow into an interconnected web of computer networks. Online business transactions‚ along with the sharing of personal information‚ are vulnerable to a host of disasters that can reap economic and social havoc. Some sources say that today‚ cybercrime costs more than $1.0 trillion to society--Global
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Thermochemistry IB questions 1. Ammonium nitrate‚ NH4NO3‚ dissolves readily in water according to the equation: NH4NO3(s) NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) H = 28kJ mol-1 Which of the following contribute(s) to the occurrence of this process? I. The system moves to lower enthalpy. II. The system becomes more disordered. a. I only b. II only c. Both I and II d. Neither I nor II 2. Which substance has the largest lattice energy? a. NaF b. KCl c. MgO d. CaS 3. A certain reaction is spontaneous
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Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry The study of energy and its transformations is known as thermodynamics. Thermochemistry is the branch of thermodynamics that relates to chemical reactions and energy changes involving heat. Most thermochemical studies are conducted in a laboratory where the transfer of heat can be carefully monitored in a closed system. The measurement of heat transfer is called calorimetry. The device in which heat transfer is measured is called a calorimeter. A calorimeter can
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TUTORIAL 9: THERMOCHEMISTRY 1. 2. 3. The following terms are often used in thermochemistry. Explain each one of them by giving an appropriate example: (a) Standard enthalpy change (b) Exothermic process (c) Endothermic process Define and write an example of thermochemical equation for each of the following terms: (a) Enthalpy of formation (b) Enthalpy of combustion (c) Enthalpy of atomisation (d) Enthalpy of neutralisation (e) Enthalpy of hydration (f) Enthalpy of solution (dissolution)
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CHEMISTRY – THERMOCHEMISTRY INTRODUCTION WORKSHEET DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: BOILING BOILING POINT CALORIE (OR KILOCALORIE) CONDENSATION DEPOSITION ENDOTHERMIC REACTION ENTHALPY OF FUSION ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION EVAPORATION EXOTHERMIC REACTION FREEZING HEAT JOULE MELTING MELTING POINT SPECIFIC HEAT SUBLIMATION TEMPERATURE VAPOR VAPOR PRESSURE VAPORIZATION VOLATILE Name ________________________________________ Date ______________ Period _______ HONORS CHEMISTRY – THERMOCHEMISTRY INTRODUCTION
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SCH4U Thermochemistry Test Review Try all the problems previously assigned‚ look at the problems in your textbook‚ and try these: 1. Be sure to understand the following vocabulary: Thermochemistry Thermochemical Equation System Surrounding Calorimetry calorimeter Heat temperature thermal energy chemical energy Open‚ closed‚ isolated/insulated systems enthalpy change Molar enthalpy Exothermic changes Endothermic changes Hess’s Law Heat capacity specific heat capacity combustion
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Thermochemistry Thermochemistry is the study of heat evolved and absorbed during the chemical reactions. The system is the interest of the universe; the surroundings are the rest of the universe in which the exchange of the energy with the system takes place. Both‚ the system and the surroundings make up the universe. Heat flow is the transfer of heat from a warm place to a cooler one. System to surroundings: Surroundings to system:
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Thermochemistry Lab #2 - Heat of Reaction - Hess’s Law Return The foundation of the study of thermochemistry was laid by the chemist Germain Hess‚ who investigated heat in chemical reactions during the last century. One statement of the law that bears Hess’s name says: The enthalpy change for any reaction depends on the products and reactants and is independent of the pathway or the number of steps between the reactant and product. In this experiment‚ you will measure and compare
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the science lab. In science‚ we would participate in a lab. One of my favorite labs was the owl pellet dissection. Owl pellets are owl throw up. In owl pellets you can find the bones of animals the owl consumed. In this lab we were to take out the bones we found in the pellet and construct the animal we found inside. Most people‚ like me‚ had a sort of rodent‚ but some people found birds in their pellet. Another one of my favorite things we did in science was the Sharpie tie dye lab in fifth grade
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