Binary Solutions Composition as a thermodynamic variable Gibbs free energy of binary solutions Entropy of formation and Gibbs free energy of an ideal solution Chemical potential of an ideal solution Regular solutions: Heat of formation of a solution Activity of a component‚ Henry’s and Raoult’s laws Real solutions: interstitial solid solutions‚ ordered phases‚ intermediate phases‚ compounds Equilibrium in heterogeneous systems Reading: Chapter 1.3 of Porter and Easterling‚ Chapters 9.5‚ 9.6‚ 9.9
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Experiment 12 Calorimetry and Heat of Reactions ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PERFORMANCE GOALS: 1. To learn how to use of a calorimeter 2. To learn how to collect and manipulate data in the computer 3. To calculate the calorimeter constant 4. To use Hess’ Law to find the heat or formation of magnesium oxide CHEMICAL OVERVIEW: • Enthalphy: (ΔH) : when chemical or physical changes occur at a constant
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STATEMENT OF PURPOSE “Education is a companion which no future can depress‚ no crime can destroy‚ no enemy can alienate it and no nepotism can enslave” It is this maxim that urged me to think higher right from my young age. Science has always been a fascination and more of a miracle to me. The wonders that science and technology have unfolded before us are not limited to time and space. My aim in life is
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sit on top for a bit. As the heat from the honey transfers to the colder water‚ the water molecules will speed up. This allows the tea to become thinner and the honey will begin to sink in and dissolve. The first statement of the second law of thermodynamics describes the behavior of two objects at different temperatures (Trefil & Hazen‚ 2011‚ p. 82). Here‚ the faster molecules of the honey are moving the slower molecules of the tea along. The second example involves me enjoying a snack of stinky
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Name: Christopher Boodram Aketta Wylie Simeon Mohammed #110004795 Salomon Samaroo #111006223 Program: Chemical Engineering Technology * Cohort: 11 * Course: Physical Chemistry and Thermodynamics * Course Code: PCTH210D * Instructor: Title : Centrifugal Compressor Introduction: The equipment comprises of a 7-stage centrifugal compressor driven by an electric motor mounted on a support plinth. Clear acrylic inlet and outlet
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Determining the Enthalpy of a Chemical Reaction All chemical reactions involve an exchange of heat energy; therefore‚ it is tempting to plan to follow a reaction by measuring the enthalpy change (∆H). However‚ it is often not possible to directly measure the heat energy change of the reactants and products (the system). We can measure the heat change that occurs in the surroundings by monitoring temperature changes. If we conduct a reaction between two substances in aqueous solution‚ then the
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Data Table: Pecans Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Mass of 50 mL water (g) 50 50 50 50 50 Minimum Temperature of Water (C) 22 22.4 18.5 17.2 18.1 Maximum Temp. Of Water (C) 77.2 88.5 90.4 74.3 83.9 Initial mass of food (g) 4.8 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.5 Final Mass of food (g) 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 Length of time the food burned 4 minutes 4 minutes 3.45 minutes 3.83 minutes 3.6 minutes Cashews Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Mass of 50 mL water (g) 50 50 50 50 50 Minimum Temperature of Water
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MAGNETIC MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION a fruitful approach to reduce environmental pollution... ABSTRACT : The objective of this effort is to determine the feasibility of designing‚ fabricating and testing a sensor cooler‚ which uses solid materials as the refrigerant. These materials demonstrate the unique property known as the magneto caloric effect‚ which means that they increase and decrease in temperature when magnetized/demagnetized. This effect has been observed for many years and was used for cooling
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Chapter 6 DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS • How does diffusion occur? • Why is it an important part of processing? • How can the rate of diffusion be predicted for some simple cases? • How does diffusion depend on structure and temperature? Driving force for movement In general‚ force is a position derivative of energy (F = - dE/dr). In other words‚ if there is any energy difference in space‚ there is a force which will act on matters - Force will move things. (ex1) Potential energy by gravity:
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11 Using Energy © 2010 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Slide 1 © 2010 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Slide 2 © 2010 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Slide 3 © 2010 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Slide 4 Reading Quiz 1. A machine uses 1000 J of electric energy to raise a heavy mass‚ increasing its potential energy by 300 J. What is the efficiency of this process? A. B. C. D. E. 100% 85% 70% 35% 30% © 2010 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Slide 5 Reading Quiz 2. When the temperature of an ideal
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