5-1 Chapter 5 MASS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUMES Conservation of Mass 5-1C Mass‚ energy‚ momentum‚ and electric charge are conserved‚ and volume and entropy are not conserved during a process. 5-2C Mass flow rate is the amount of mass flowing through a cross-section per unit time whereas the volume flow rate is the amount of volume flowing through a cross-section per unit time. 5-3C The amount of mass or energy entering a control volume does not have to be equal to the amount
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the French physicist Sadi Carnot‚ that heat and mechanical work are equivalent.[1] It is related to the mechanical equivalent of heat. Over the next century‚ with the introduction of the second law of thermodynamics in 1850 by Rudolf Clausius‚ this theory evolved into the science of thermodynamics. In 1851‚ in his "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat"‚ William
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Introduction In this lab‚ the purpose was to verify Hess’s Law. Four main topics were covered during this experiment including enthalpy of reaction‚ heat of formation‚ Hess’s Law‚ and calorimetry. The enthalpy of reaction‚ ΔHrxn is the heat or enthalpy change for a chemical reaction. The energy change is equal to the amount of heat transferred at a constant pressure in the reaction. The change represents the difference in enthalpy of the products and the reactants and is independent of the steps
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California. Historically‚ “the first Borax specimens came from several dry lake deposits in Tibet” (The Mineral Borax). This experiment was conducted to determine the standard entropy and enthalpy of the dissolving reaction of borax in water. The thermodynamic properties of the reaction helped to determine the change in heat and spontaneity within the system. Entropy is said to be the tendency for the universe to move towards disorder. If the value of entropy is positive‚ then the amount of disorder
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Energy‚ often in the state of heat‚ is involved in chemical reactions and phases changes. Changes in energy‚ can translate in temperature differentiations. In such a case‚ energy is transferred as heat. The quantity of heat exerted in a reaction referred to as (joules) can be identified through the following equation: Heat Exerted= (Mass of Sample) x (Specific Heat) x (Change in Temperature) q=msΔT Within a calorimeter is where the reactions within this lab take place. A calorimeter allows the
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Kamaleddine CHM 1120 Stanley Ngeyi February 25‚2012 Thermodynamics/Calorimetry Introduction: Thermochemistry investigates the relationship between chemical reactions and energy changes involving heat. The amount of heat generated or absorbed in a chemical reaction can be studied using a calorimeter. Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory was to determine the heat capacity of the calorimeter‚ and to understand thermodynamics/calorimetry by applying the calorimetry equation‚ Heat
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First Law-Exercise: Problem 1: A volume 10 m3 contains 8 kg of oxygen at a temperature of 300 K. Find the work necessary to decrease the volume to 5 m3‚ (a) at a constant pressure and (b) at constant temperature. (c) What is the temperature at the end of the process in (a)? (d) What is the pressure at the end of process in (b)? (e) Show both processes in the p-V plane. Problem 2: The temperature of an ideal gas at an initial pressure p1 and volume V1 is increased at constant volume until the pressure
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science is the use of chemicals‚ explosions‚ experiments‚ etc. What we don’t really see is how science is related to any sport. The use of these science laws plays a big part in the way sports are played. Newtown’s laws of motion and the laws of thermodynamics set great examples in a tennis match to help us gain more knowledge in how they’re being used on earth. Newtown’s first law of motion is when force is being applied. If an object is left by itself it won’t move or change its state of motion
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THERMODYNAMICS - THEORY A control volume may involve one or more forms of work at the same time. If the boundary of the control volume is stationary‚ the moving boundary work is zero‚ and the work terms involved are shaft work and electric work. Another work form with the fluid is flow work. Flow Work (Flow Energy) A Flow Element Flow Work with Imaginary Piston Click to View Movie (68 kB) Work is needed to push the fluid into or out of the boundaries of a
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Chemistry Study Guide Oct 2nd 1 hour Exam Chapter 9- Thermodynamics KE= ½ mv2 w= F∆x w= force × distance ∙ A state function refers to a property of the system that depends only on its present state. ∙Internal Energy = heat + work ∆E = q + w ∙Pressure = Force/Area = P = F/A ∙Work= - external pressure × change in volume w = - P∆V Enthalpy H = E + PV qp = ∆E + P∆V ∆H = qp ∆H = H products H reactants
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