A. Swimming. 1. In general‚ beluga whales are slow swimmers. They commonly swim about 3 to 9 kph (1.9-5.6 mph). They are‚ however‚ capable of sustaining a maximum speed of 22 kph (13.6 mph) for as long as 15 minutes (Nowak‚ 1991; Ridgway and Harrison‚ 1981). 2. Belugas can swim forward and backward (Nowak‚ 1991). 3. Beluga whales often swim at depths barely covering their bodies (Ridgway and Harrison‚ 1981). B. Diving. 1. Beluga whales typically don’t dive very deep‚ usually to
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Analysis: 1. Explain why blood pressure and heart rate differ when measured in a reclining position and in a standing position. When a person stands‚ the heart must pump blood against the pull of gravity to reach important areas such as your brain. Veins must work hard to get blood back to your heart. As a person reclines‚ the heart does not have to pump as hard to reach the same areas‚ decreasing the blood pressure. Also‚ a person is usually more relaxed in a reclining position‚ which
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behavioral response to positive and negative consequences. Serotonin‚ along with other major neurotransmitters‚ is also linked with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Serotonin‚ or HT-5‚ also has an effect on sleep‚ eating patterns‚ and thermoregulation (Meyer et al.‚ 2005). These seem to contribute to depressive symptoms in animals with depleted stores of 5-H. There are now 14 discernable types of serotonin receptor subtypes. Subtypes 2B‚ 2C‚ 4‚ and 6 have all been linked with depression and
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metabolism works to counter the changing environment. Fish metabolic activities seek to regulate their body functions in any opportune change of their environment and adapt to it. To control the body temperature‚ fishes undergo physiological thermoregulation. The physiological and metabolic activities regulate the body temperature and maintain it by means of countercurrent exchange system. The countercurrent exchange system is one where the hot blood in the blood vessels‚ as a result of muscular
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AP BIOLOGY EXAM ESSAY (FREE RESPONSE) QUESTIONS General directions: Answers must be in essay form. Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion‚ but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. It is important that you read each question completely‚ and answer each section of the question. When giving examples‚ the first ones you give will be the ones graded. (if two examples are asked for‚ and you write about 4‚ make sure the first two are the best ones; they are the only ones counted
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are the main functions of the Integumentary system‚ Skeletal system‚ and Muscular system. The Integumentary system is made up of skin‚ hair‚ nails‚ and the coetaneous glands. The functions of this system include protection‚ water retention‚ thermoregulation‚ vitamin sensation‚ and nonverbal communication. Then there is the Skeletal system made up of bones‚ cartilages‚ and ligaments. The functions of the skeletal system include support‚ movement‚ and protective enclosure of viscera‚ blood formation
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“Nothing will medicine thee to that sweet sleep which you owe to yesterday.” This is an adaptation from a scene in Shakespeare’s “Othello” where Iago speaks to Othello about his ‘unfaithful’ wife. Iago says this to Othello to explain to him that he will never sleep as comfortably‚ and soundly as he did the night before. Neither drugs nor sleeping pills will provide Othello the comfort he will seek at night. Now though this may seem to be an exaggerated statement‚ it doesn’t come with some truth.
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The Sugar Glider‚ also commonly known as the Sugar bear or Honey Glider ‚ refers to the Australian marsupial mammal that is a part of the Pertauridae family. The Glider’s scientific name Petaurus breviceps is Latin and translates into ‘short-headed rope dancer’ describing the animal’s 15-21cm length and 95-160g body covered in light blue-grey fur with a white underside. It is naturally found in Northern and Eastern Australia‚ sections of midland Australia‚ Tasmania‚ Papua New Guinea‚ Indonesia
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the integument is primary to protect the internal organs from injuries and from other substances‚ the rays of the sun‚ fur of a threatened mammal‚ danger alert. On the other hand‚ the skin is also for respiration‚ excretion of carbon dioxide‚ thermoregulation‚ locomotion‚ homeostasis maintenance‚ for nourishment and skin coloration signals. The integument system of dog fish shark‚ Squalus acanthias‚ is portion of what makes up its external morphology. In this experiment‚ integument comes along with
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To what extent does heat exposure affect an athlete? Heat exposure is a factor that is essential to be considered by athletes to maximise performance level. Researchers have investigated that excessive heat exposure or exercise hyperthermia has detrimental effects on exercise physiology. Little is understood regarding the effects of hyperthermia and how heat exposure affects the body. Localised heat studies using water immersion to increase muscle temperature have been conducted to investigate the
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