ALCOHOLS Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an -OH group. For the purposes of UK A level‚ we will only look at compounds containing one -OH group. For example: Primary alcohols In a primary (1°) alcohol‚ the carbon which carries the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group Some examples of primary alcohols include: Secondary alcohols In a secondary (2°) alcohol‚ the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined directly to
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Wright and the architecture that he left behind. This legendary American architect started a style of organic structures that remains a roadmap for the people of his genera today. His greatness not only remains by the buildings that he left behind‚ but through his school that he along with his wife started and his philosophy about designing. As a young child‚ Wright developed these characteristics that made him the artist that he was. At a young age in 1885‚ Wright’s parents were unhappy with their
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DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF ( FINE AND COARSE ) AGGREGATES ? REPORT Aggregates are defined as a combination of distinct parts gathered into a mass or a whole. They can increase stability of a structure and protect it from bad weather. In addition‚ aggregates can also increase quality and reduce price of the cements beacause of their greater volume stability and filling function. Therefore‚ it is important for civil engineers to understand properties of aggregates. Aggregates’ properties are the characteristics
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applied magnetic field (spin glassbehavior and antiferromagnetism). Substances that are negligibly affected by magnetic fields are known as non-magnetic substances. They includecopper‚ aluminium‚ gases‚ and plastic. Pure oxygen exhibits magnetic properties when cooled to a liquid state. The magnetic state (or phase) of a material depends on temperature (and other variables such as pressure and the applied magnetic field) so that a material may exhibit more than one form of magnetism depending on
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SYNTHETIC EXPLOITATION OF ENZYMES: BIOCATALYSIS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS: FUNDAMENTALS ENZYMES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 1. Enzymes catalyze a broad spectrum of reactions with high turnover numbers. Rate enhancements approach 1012 fold. 2. Enzymes may accept a wide range of substrates. 3. Enzymes are highly regio and stereoselective. 4. Enzyme reactions take place under mild conditions; this minimizes problems of isomerization and racemization. 5. Enzymatic processes are less hazardous and polluting
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information. There are also new concerns about food safety due to increasing occurrence of new food-borne disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms. This raises considerable challenges‚ particularly since there is increasing unease regarding the use of chemical preservatives and artificial antimicrobials to inactivate or inhibit growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms.(Arques et al.‚ 2008; Aslim&Yucel‚ 2007; Brandi et al.‚ 2006; Cushnie et al.‚ 2005). As a consequence‚ natural antimicrobials are
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CHEMICAL MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION Cell derived mediators Mediator | Source | Function | Vasoactive amines | Histamine | Mast cells‚ basophil‚ platelet | Vasodilation‚ ↑ vascular permeability‚ endothelial activation | Serotonin | platelets | Vasodilation‚ ↑ vascular permeability | Eicosanoids | Prostaglandins | Mast cells‚ leukocytes | Vasodilation (PGD2‚PGE1‚E2 & PGF2-α)‚ pain (PGE2)‚ fever | Thromboxane A2 | | Promotes platelet aggregation‚ vasoconstriction | Prostacyclin
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ZOOL 1 Lecture 3 1 2 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Chemical substances that cannot be broken down to simpler forms by ordinary chemical reactions Atom Atomic number Atomic mass Compound Molecule Macromolecule 3 ¡ ¡ ¡ ELEMENT Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Sulfur
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Chemical Equilibrium: Le Chatelier Principle By Sarah Ramos and Kristina Todorovic Chemistry 203 DEN Dr. Mohamed El-Maazawi Part A. Acid-Base Indicators Purpose In this part of the experiment‚ we will find a reagent that will shift the acid-base equilibrium reaction described by Equation (2) in one direction and then a second reagent that will cause the equilibrium position to shift back in the opposite direction. Introduction An acid–base indicator
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Importance of Organic Foods The definition of organic agriculture is farming with the use of synthetic chemicals. After World War II‚ larger and increasingly automated farms‚ known as "factory farms‚" put the synthetic fertilizers‚ pesticides and herbicides developed in the 1920s into widespread use. They found that more crops could be produced mass produced. What they did not realize were the dangers of using these chemicals and the effects they would have on the environment and human health
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