Table of Contents Part 1: General review of data link layer 2 a) Explain the working principles of the data link layer. 2 b) Is controlled access better than contention for media access control? Discuss. 2 c) Why is error detection important in this layer? What is being measured? 3 d) Identify three significant noises that can cause errors in data communication digital circuits. Briefly explain. 3 Part 2: General review of error correction 4 a) Why is cyclical redundancy
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2‚ No.1‚ February 2011 ISSN: 2010-0264 Ozone Layer Depletion and Its Effects: A Review Sivasakthivel.T and K.K.Siva Kumar Reddy Abstract - There are many situations where human activities have significant effects on the environment. Ozone layer damage is one of them. The objective of this paper is to review the origin‚ causes‚ mechanisms and bio effects of ozone layer depletion as well as the protective measures of this vanishing layer. The chlorofluorocarbon and the halons are potent
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their mouths and a happy‚ satisfied grin on their faces. The reason for conducting the research is to know how the colors of our favorite candy-coated sugary rewards came to be and that method of knowing is what we call “Candy Crhomatography”. Chromatography by definition according to Webster’s dictionary means “ a method for separating the constituents of a solution (gas or liquid) by exploiting the different bonding properties of different molecules”. In this case‚ the molecules being broken down
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three main layers also known as the Epidermis‚ Dermis‚ and the Hypodermis. The Epidermis is the outermost layer that shields the body and consists of four cells types and five distinct layers. The Dermis is right under the Epidermis which contains strong connective tissue. This layer also contains our hair follicles that help regulate our body temperatures‚ nerve endings which let’s us sense‚ and sweat glands which help the skin keep moist. Lastly‚ the Hypodermis also known as the “Fat layer”‚ it isn’t
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T2:BIOCHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS:DETECTION OF FATS‚PROTEINS AND CARBOHYDRATES OBJECTIVE The main purpose of the experiment is to understand some general tests that detect fats‚proteins and carbohydrates in foods. INTRODUCTION Carbohydrates are also known as sacharides. There are 4 main groups of carbohydrates‚which are monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates play an important role in living organism as it is the energy storage‚ and it also plays
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separation by using Chromatography? Objective To prepare a chromatogram‚ separate pigments in a leaf and interpret the chromatogram. Hypothesis If I am to put a chromatography paper into a solvent‚ then it would separate the pigments depending on their Rf value. I think the pigments will separate in this order: Chlorophyll A‚ Chlorophyll B‚ Carotene‚ and Xanthophyll. Introduction Chlorophyll is the molecule that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesize carbohydrates from CO2 and
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for a shot at the summit. About half of those people make it to the top. 280 people have died trying to climb Everest or make it back down. Yet despite the cost‚ even your life‚ the number of attempts and summits is on its way up every year. In Into Thin Air by Jon Krakauer‚ Everest stands as symbol of dreams and hopes; for the westerners. To the workers of the mountain‚ the Sherpas‚ it was a symbol of God and their way of life. Above all Everest was a symbol that commanded respect. Throughout the
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ANALYSIS OF MOUTHWASH Background Information: Commercial mouthwashes are mixtures of water‚ alcohol‚ dyes‚ flavorings‚ and other compounds. In this experiment‚ you will use gas chromatography to determine the alcohol content of the mouthwash. Since the volumes of alcohol and water are not additive when mixed‚ a calibration curve must be used. It will provide the correction factor needed for alcohol-water mixtures. The calibration curve will be prepared by placing a known amount of alcohol
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and tablets are there to give us entertainment when we suffer from boredom. We all need a break occasionally‚ right? Yes‚ but this technology is consuming us. Plastered all over these different ways to cure boredom‚ are unrealistic expectations. Too-thin bodies‚ filtered faces‚ photoshopping to the extreme. Commercials and movies are over sexualizing women‚ making a woman’s worth based on her body. The overload of make-up adverts claiming to hide “imperfections‚” various weight loss solutions and implanting
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Chromatography refers to a set of laboratory methods used in separating as well as purifying biomolecules. A variety of chromatography techniques exist‚ and all depend on the interaction between a stationary and a mobile state. Two types of chromatography methods were examined in this investigation. First‚ ion-exchange chromatography was used. This method separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger [2]. Specifically‚ cation-exchange chromatography was performed
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