CHAPTER THREE- THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE IN THOMAS HOBBES. 3.1 THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN NATURE Hobbes’ analysis of human nature begins with passion‚ and sees it as the different forms of appetite and aversion. Man is moved to action not by his intellect or reason‚ but by his passions‚ and appetite or desires. PASSION The way one expresses his passion in speech differs from the way he expresses it in thought. According to Hobbes in the Leviathan: Passions may be expressed indicative; as I love
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Kant in “Hotel Rwanda” The Ethical theory of Emmanuel Kant is based on the idea that morality is based on good will‚ not happiness. Kant believed that as long as a person had good intent‚ then the action was also good no matter what the outcome was. If a person chose to do something good‚ but for unmoral reasons rather than out of respect for the law‚ then they did not have good intent and therefore the action is bad‚ even if it has good consequences. To determine whether or not a persons intent
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constitution of the nature with which He has endowed us. According to St. Thomas‚ it is “nothing else than the rational creature’s participation in the eternal law.” Eternal law is God’s wisdom. Like the rest of creation‚ man is destined by God to an end‚ and from Him‚ a direction towards this end. Everyone follows eternal and natural law. Every man‚ every woman‚ and every child should be able to preach both of these laws. St. Thomas Aquinas is known as‚ “the most brilliant light of the Church.” Aquinas
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How "realistic" is Kantian "empirical realism"? Mainly by way of commentary on passages from the Analytic of Principles and Appendix to the Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason‚ Abela offers‚ first‚ the "priority-of-judgment" view: "Kant...banish[es] the idea of any epistemic intermediary between belief and the world" (35); "there is nothing outside judgment...that informs‚ constrains‚ or ultimately grounds objectively valid judgment" (139-40). The ultimate ground is simply the totality of one’s
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Hume and Kant offered two differing views on morality. Hume’s philosophy regarding moral theory came from the belief that reason alone can never cause action. Desire or thoughts cause action. Because reason alone can never cause action‚ morality is rooted in us and our perception of the world and what we want to gain from it. Virtue arises from acting on a desire to help others. Hume’s moral theory is therefore a virtue-centered morality rather than the natural-law morality‚ which saw morality as
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Universal Law and The Formula of the End in Itself. The first formulation is best described by the following statement‚ “Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradiction.” (Kant‚ 1785‚ 1993). What does this mean? A maxim is the fundamental rule of conduct or your moral belief upon which you chose to act. A universal law is a law that everyone must follow regardless of the outcome. How do we determine if the maxim can
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tragedies are set in different times and places‚ and are written in completely different styles‚ they both describe the stories of two great men‚ who are faced with moral dilemmas that will determine the outcomes of their lives. Both‚ Hamlet and Sir Thomas More (the protagonists of the two tragedies) are pictured like soldiers that are thrown into a war where they have to do some things they rather would avoid doing. A Tragic Hero is one (usually a person of noble blood) who brings about his own downfall
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Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had very different political views‚ which is why our first president‚ George Washington‚ had them both in his cabinet. Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury‚ while Jefferson was the first Secretary of State. These differences begin with who they thought should govern and what type of government was the best. Hamilton thought we should have a strong central government in the interests of commerce and industry‚ while having the national government
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Immanuel Kant Kant’s views on sexual objectification plays quite an influential role in the discussions of contemporary feminists. According to him when sexuality is practiced outside the context of monogamous marriage it becomes extremely problematic as it ultimately results in objectification. He stated in his “Lectures on Ethics” that a loved person is made an object of appetite by sexual love. He says that no sooner the appetite is stilled when the person is cast aside. To explain this he gave
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armies deprives humans of their freedom. The cause for the need of standing armies is that even with the presence of the social contract‚ there exist no binding contract among nations‚ and thus Kant seeks to solve violence‚ yet again‚ to result in a “peaceful federation among all the peoples of the earth”. Kant‚ as he always is not fond of inconsistencies‚ writes that paying soldiers to kill or be killed is against human rights‚ as it clearly violates the rights of the one killed‚ it also violates the
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