NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISIONS OF NEW FIRMS Alicia M. Robb David T. Robinson Working Paper 16272 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16272 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge‚ MA 02138 August 2010 The authors are grateful to the Kauffman Foundation for generous financial support. Malcolm Baker‚ Thomas Hellmann‚ Antoinette Schoar‚ Ivo Welch‚ and seminar participants at the Kauffman/Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank Entrepreneurial Finance
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Enron Summery of Enron case The Enron scandal has far-reaching political and financial implications. In just 15 years‚ Enron grew from nowhere to be America’s seventh largest company‚ employing 21‚000 staff in more than 40 countries. But the firm’s success turned out to have involved an elaborate scam. Enron lied about its profits and stands accused of a range of shady dealings‚ including concealing debts so they didn’t show up in the company’s accounts. As the depth of the deception
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the Enron Scandal The main problem of the Enron scandal was that they committed business fraud. This is what the root problem of the company was. The sad thing about the Enron scandal was that approximately 22‚000 men and women lost their jobs. Not only did it affect the people who worked for the company but the problem was that it also affected other accounting firms that worked directly with Enron‚ for example the company Arthur Anderson went under because of the Enron scandal and this also
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2013 The Enron and WoldCom Scandals ENRON 1. The segment of Enron’s operations that got them into difficulties had several parts. They published misleading financial reports. They could not meet their bridge financing commitment with Barclay Bank because outside investors were not found. Because of this‚ they restated activities of JEDI and Chewco SPEs so they could be retroactively consolidated into Enron’s accounts. The SPEs helped to hide the inaccurate accounting records
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Decisions Involving Alternative Choices Structure: 13.1 Introduction Objectives 13.2 Decision Making 13.3 Types of Costs 13.4 Types of Choices Decisions 13.5 Make or Buy Decisions 13.6 Addition / Discontinuance of a Product line 13.7 Sell or Process Further 13.8 Operate or Shut down 13.9 Exploring New Markets 13.10 Maintaining a desired level of profit 13.11 Summary 13.12 Terminal Questions 13.13 Answers to SAQs and TQs 13.1 Introduction In the previous unit we learnt about Marginal
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Table of Contents I. Introduction Pg. 2 II. Accounting Overview Pg. 3 III. Financial (Cost) & Management Accounting Pg. 4 IV. Management Accounting role in the Organization Pg. 6 V. Communication and presentation Pg. 7 VI. Management Process Pg. 8 VII. Conclusion Pg. 10 VIII. End Notes Pg. 11 IX. Bibliography/Further Readings Pg. 12 Introduction As a business owner‚ manager‚ and director of various business entities
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Arthur Holmes was a geologist and scientist who made a few major contributions to our understanding of how Earth works. Holmes passed away in 1965. Before his death he made two major contributions to science. Holmes also went to college and invented some very useful inventions that we use today. Arthur Holmes is a geologist who made two major contributions to the scientific community. Arthur Holmes entered Imperial College in London in 1907. Holmes read physics under R.J. Strutt for his first
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Enron Scandal Enron was able to successfully engage in fraudulent financial activities due to the failures of corporate governance practices in addition to other relevant factors. This paper will briefly cover some of these issues and offer suggestions for prevent similar future malpractice. External Corporate Governance The key external governance failures in the Enron Scandal involve oversights by regulators‚ creditors‚ auditors‚ and investors at large‚ with particular focus towards Enron’s ambiguous
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Deregulation of the U.S. energy industry made possible Enron’s emergence as a major corporation‚ but also ultimately may have contributed to its collapse. The company successfully seized the opportunity created by deregulation to create a new business as a market maker in natural gas and other commodities. Enron successfully influenced policymakers to exempt the company from various regulatory rules‚ for example in the field of energy derivatives. This allowed Enron to enter various trading markets with
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Macbeth’s Demise. From the beginning of the play‚ and in the progression of the plotline‚ it is clear that the character of Macbeth is in the downward spiral into evil. Macbeth’s evil and inner demons originate from a combination of the prophecy of the three witches‚ as well as his own lofty ambitions. However‚ it is the pressure from power hungry Lady Macbeth‚ and the murder of King Duncan that help transform Macbeth into the ruthless and immoral killer that he becomes. As the play continues he
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