International system level – explanation rests with the anarchic characteristics of the international system or with international and regional organizations’ strengths and weaknesses Realism Product of long historical and philosophical tradition; Thucydides‚ Hobbes‚ Individuals are fearful‚ selfish‚ and power seeking; organized in states States act in unitary ways in pursuit of national interest‚ defined in terms of power Power: having resources necessary to fight and win wars (“physically coerce
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Ext. History Revision History- What historians chose to interpret from the surviving evidence of the past Source + Historians = Histories All historians have their own views and interests due to their upbringing hence that the process of selection and interpretation distorts our ‘knowledge’ further. Issues in historiography Training of historians Objectivity in history Oral societies and history Problems of historical research Universal history Evidence- selection Source- How? Truth-
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Concepts and Applications January 17‚ 2012 Evaluating a Website for Credibility In order to search for the reputable scholarly website one must remember two basic principles: not every website has scholarly related data and not all the data has empirical foundation. The first intention of going to www.google.com will leave one with 1000’s of non-specific results. "Google Scholar" website (http://scholar.google.com)‚ on the other hand will be more relative but not very specific. During previous
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The Melian Dialogue This is the debate between two Athenians councils regarding the fate of Melians: Diomedes and Nikolaos whose perspectives are somewhat represented all Athenians’ thinking. While Diomedes is aggressive and pro-war‚ Nikolaos remains caution and in favor of the Melians proposal. Here is the debate: Diomedes: We need to prepare our ships. Melian needs to be taught a lesson! Nikolaos: Why do we to attack Melian? They have always been neutral city. They are not our enemy
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However‚ the claims that the paper makes about establishing a role for the hot-cold empathy gap go beyond what the empirical results can support. The authors point to the fact that goal setting did not substantially reduce bids in the dollar auction as supportive of a role for the hot-cold empathy gap. I agree that this is consistent with the idea that arousal or emotion
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science is based upon theories that have been induced from and only from empirical evidence or the evidence of the senses (hence the term ‘empirical’ or that which can be experienced by the senses). Positivists reject any evidence that cannot be objectively experienced or observed such as that derived from tradition‚ faith‚ magic‚ religion‚ philosophy or any other form of knowledge or belief that does not have an empirical basis. Thus they want to explain criminal behaviour by reference to causes
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investigate human behaviour. Psychologists usually conduct experiments in a laboratory‚ achieving control over the variable they wish to study. They can let us test theories of human behaviour. Empirical evidence is scientifically researched evidence that has given rise to a reliable result. Psychology uses empirical data so they are able to test their hypothesis and get a more accurate and reliable result. There are very many different types of psychology fields that are in today’s society‚ they all contribute
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How Subliminal Messaging Affects Consumer Behavior The subject of subliminal messaging in relation to consumer behavior presents an interesting dichotomy between the scientific community and the general public. The purpose of this paper is to discover what‚ if any‚ effect subliminal messaging has on consumer behavior‚ as well as shed light on the differing positions regarding this controversial subject‚ and provide a brief historical background on the material. Before the topic of subliminal
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I. 6. Hypothesis - a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. 7. Empirical data - Empirical evidence (also empirical data‚ sense experience‚ empirical knowledge‚ or the a posteriori) is a source of knowledge acquired by means of observation or experimentation. The term comes from the Greek word for experience‚ Εμπειρία (empeiría). 8. Review of related literature - A review of related literature is the process of collecting
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At its core‚ the book Moneyball‚ to me‚ is about leadership and overcoming resistance to change to create a sustainable competitive advantage. In Moneyball a new General Manager challenges a traditional industry with a new paradigm. He successfully deals with the resulting resistance from the more tradition oriented employees. In the case of the Oakland A ’s this has led to a substantial competitive advantage through lower costs (their payroll goes down) and improved output (the have a higher percentage
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