Athens and Sparta. Tensions among these two city states have always been extremely high. Sparta has an exceptional military and Athens has an extraordinary navy. Both of these city states have been competing for control of Greece for many years. Thucydides is the best source of knowledge we have about the Peloponnesian war. He was a general for the Athenians‚ and he documented everything that happened during the war. It is a miracle that he and his documentations survived the war‚ as all of the other
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Friendship... is not something you learn in school. But if you haven’t learned the meaning of friendship‚ you really haven’t learned anything. . A friend should be one in whose understanding and virtue we can equally confide‚ and whose opinion we can value at once for its justness and its sincerity. A friendship can weather most things and thrive in thin soil; but it needs a little mulch of letters and phone calls and small‚ silly presents every so often - just to save it from drying out completely
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Plutarch: a brief biography Plutarch was one of the last Classical Greek historians. He was born about 45AD at Chaeronea in Boeotia. Plutarch traveled to Egypt and went to Rome. The emperor Hadrian honoured him with a government appointment in Greece and in later life he took up a priesthood at Delphi. He died soon after 120AD. Plutarch wrote a large number of essays and dialogues on philosophical‚ scientific and literary subjects and he frequently attacked both Stoics and Epicureans. He
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el * Intro: The Delian League formed in 477BCE and was an alliance of Ionian Greek states. Because Sparta was unwilling to fight against Persia‚ Athens took its place and formed the Delian League to fight against the Persians and protect the smaller islands. * In my first paragraph: The original aims of the Delian League created by Aristides were to protect the already liberated Greek city-states from Persian attack and to attack and regain losses during the Persian wars. The Athenian long-term
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Realist view: * “self-help” system: states must help themselves * States will seek to maximize power over morality or material interests * International institutions do not matter; only states matter in war and peace- life d death * Power is: * The aim of political struggle * Defines the interests of states * A motivation that is constant throughout human history * Assumptions: * Human nature is bad‚ assume leaders will act in self * Anarchy:
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one of the main causes for the Peloponnesian War. “The real cause I consider to be the one which was formally most kept out of sight. The growth of Athenian power of Athens‚ and the alarm which this inspired in Lacedaemon‚ made war inevitable” (Thucydides). Politically speaking‚ the growth
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them so proficient. Many of these people ruled through violence and fear‚ although the most powerful of them used more harmonious means of leadership. “Confucius Counsels the Duke Ai on Government”‚ “Cyrus the Great and Religious Toleration”‚ and Thucydides’ “Funeral Oration of Pericles” are examples that rulers who value peace and kindness towards their subjects are the greatest and strongest. The governments and leaders in the ancient world who possessed the qualities of tolerance‚ peace‚ and generosity
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During the long years while he trained his mouth‚ he learned history and grammar by reading Thucydides’ history of the Peloponnesian War‚ studied common diction and speech patterns by interacting with Athenians he met every day‚ and made money by conducting the dreaded job of logographer. As soon as he felt he was able‚ Demosthenes started attending
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The decisive defeat of the Spartan hoplite army by the armed forces of Thebes at the battle of Leuctra in 371 B.C. ended an epoch in Greek military history and permanently altered the Greek balance of power. One by one‚ the old certainties of the ’Golden Age’ of the fifth century had been challenged and overthrown‚ but the image of Spartan military invincibility had‚ until this moment‚ remained a secure bastion. Once‚ the very sight and sound of an advancing line of Spartan soldiers had been enough
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Chapter 1 THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF REASONING ARGUMENTS Reasoning is the activity of making inferences. This is when you attempt to justify or prove one statement by appealing to another statement/s. To prove or justify a statement means to give a good reason for believing it.1 The statement that you are trying to justify is called the conclusion whereas the justifying statements are called premises. All reasoning has a conclusion (implied or explicit) and at least one (and typically more than one)
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