Describe developments of social bond/self-control and deterrence theories. Please also summarize the key research and empirical evidence. Make sure that you include the key concepts‚ theorists and principles in each theory. Compare and contrast between the two theories. How these two theories are similar or different from each other when they explain crime and delinquency? Social bond theory or sometimes referred to as social control theory developed by Travis Hirschi American Criminologist in the late
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Theories and Theorists Many professions have theories and theorists‚ especially in the medical and psychological fields. Sometimes theories will develop by theorists doing new research‚ but at other times previous theorists theories are used by a new researcher to expand on the theory and possibly come up with a new theory of his or her own. This paper will help show theories and theorists important to psychology. Psychologists and researchers in this field use these theories often‚ which is what
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Contingency Theory Contingency Theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation‚ to lead a company‚ or to make decisions. An organizational / leadership / decision making style that is effective in some situations‚ may be not successful in other situations. In other words: The optimal organization / leadership / decision-making style depends upon various internal and external constraints (factors). Contingency Theory factors Some examples
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Social disorganization theory has become populare as an explanation for crime trends all over the country. This theory was built as precendt by shaw and Mckay(1942) in which they reached three significant conclusions. The first of these conclusions is that bneighborhood ecological conditions shape crime rate chararcteristics more that the characteristics of individual residents and that location as supposed to race determine how they area relates with crime. What they meant by this is that certain
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and symbolic interpretivism (SI) theories and how they apply to organizational structure. The organization of study is a global healthcare organization dealing in genetic testing‚ drug testing‚ and clinical trials. Introduction A perspective or view involves certain assumptions about behavior whether in individuals or organizations. These perspectives affect the way organizations function and behave and there may be several different theories within an approach‚ but they may
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According to Freud’s System of Psychology published in the “History of Psychology Ideas and Context”‚ Freud’s stage theory of psychosexual development states that an infant’s early interactions with the world are predominantly via the oral cavity‚ which is also known as the oral stage (Viney & King‚ 2003). Thus‚ it is apparent that my meteoric weight gain is tied closely to this theory because the only way for me to obtain pleasure is through the intake of my mother’s milk. Weaning away from my mother’s
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Trait Theory John Meadows Wilkes Community College Professor Dan Linker Criminology April 26‚ 2012 Introduction Trait Theory! What is it? According to the online encyclopedia‚ Wikipedia‚ Trait theory is a major approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits‚ which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior‚ thought‚ and emotion. According to this perspective‚ traits are relatively stable over time‚ differ across
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Use Psychological theories to explain aggressive behaviour. Describe three method’s a coach might use to eliminate aggressive tendencies of performers and to encourage an active and healthy lifestyle. (6 Marks) Aggression is the attempt to harm outside the rules of the game. There are many different theories of how aggression is formed. Instinct theory was proposed by Freud and is the trait view of behavior and shows the drawbacks of this perspective‚ that behaviour is at all
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“Foundations of Portfolio Theory” by. H.M. Markowitz (1991) Foundations of Portfolio Theory by H.M. Markowitz is based on a two part lesson of microeconomics of capital markets. Part one being that taught by Markowitz‚ which is solely geared toward portfolio theory and how an optimizing investor would behave‚ whereas part two focuses on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) which is the work done by Sharpe and Lintner. In this article Markowitz speaks strictly on portfolio theory. He states that there
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In this essay I aim to describe two theories (Equity Theory and Social exchange theory) of relationships and to consider how they might influence the therapist engaged in couples counseling‚ noting their similarities and differences. Equity theory is a theory about fairness. Its application to close relationships has been primarily advanced by Elaine Hatfield (previously known as Elaine Walster) and her colleagues in the book Equity: Theory and Research (Walster‚ Walster‚ and Berscheid 1978). The
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