Managua‚ Nicaragua Sept 28th‚ 2013 ENRON Background In 1985 Kenneth Lay merged his company‚ Houston Natural Gas‚ with Nebraska’s InterNorth to create the Enron; a company to be the biggest natural gass corporation to exist in the U.S. During the 1980’s‚ under the presidency of Ronald Raegan‚ there was a considerable lack of regulations regarding the energy markets‚ thus allowing the company to buy and sell contracts for a delivery at some time in the future. By 1990 Jeffery Skilling joined as
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Running Head: THE BRAZILIAN MILK FRAUD SCANDAL The Brazilian Milk Fraud Scandal Involving the Italian Food Conglomerate Parmalat. A Brief Case Study on a Transnational Corporation In Your Home Country Gabriel Ferreira International Public Relations – PUR6608 class University of Florida 1 THE BRAZILIAN MILK FRAUD SCANDAL 2 The Brazilian Dairy Market background. Over the last decade‚ the Brazilian dairy market has been one of the most fast growing dairy
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Unit 4: Assignment 1. According to Tapies and Toninato (2007)‚ Calisto Tanzi created the Parmalat Group in 1961. He was a young businessperson that had inherited the business from his father. Originally‚ the business was founded by his grandfather‚ which was called Ditta Tanzi Calisto and Sons. Business began to fail because of health. Therefore‚ he made his son take charge of the business who at the time was only 22 years of age. According to Tapies and Toninato (2007)‚ there were three
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What specific audit procedures might have uncovered the Parmalat fraud earlier? Parmalat went from recording annual sales of 7.6 billion euros in 2002 to being declared insolvent a year later. The collusion at Europe’s Enron made it possible for Parmalat to defraud its investors of billions. The auditing procedures used by Grant Thornton and Deloitte were inadequate. Many of Parmalat’s assets were overstated and its liabilities understated. The auditors did not adequately test the Special Purpose
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Parmalat‚ Europe’s Enron of fraud‚ undermined European accounting and reporting standards. The fraud‚ totaling nearly 18 billion euros‚ brought down the Italian dairy giant and ruined investors across the globe. Such a enormous fraud‚ some would assume‚ would need to be highly complex and fully developed in plan as well as execution. However‚ as Parmalat executives began to cooperate in the investigation‚ it was uncovered how rudimentary their fraud was despite the enormity in which it occurred.
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1. How was it possible for Parmalat managers to “cook the books” and hide it for so long? Solution Parmalat was able to cook the books mainly due to the fact that Italy has a low level of accounting transparency. The story began in 1997‚ when Parmalat decided to become a "global player" and started a campaign of international acquisitions‚ especially in North and South America‚ financed through debt. Soon‚ Parmalat became the third largest cookie-maker in the United States. But such acquisitions
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fall of Parmalat was an important event as it highlighted the corporate governance issues in the corporate world of Italy. Parmalat was found by Calisto Tanzi‚ CEO and Chairman‚ in 1961 with a pasteurisation plant in Italy. The company was headquartered in Italy and had grown to be a multinational company into all sorts of milk products‚ beverages and bakery goods. Three decades later‚ in 1990‚ it became a publicly traded entity and was listed on the Milan stock exchange. Although Parmalat had become
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Financial Scandals and the Role of Private Enforcement: The Parmalat Case Law Working Paper N° 40/2005 May 2005 Guido Ferrarini University of Genoa‚ Centre for Law and Finance and ECGI Paolo Giudici Free University of Bozen and Centre for Law and Finance © Guido Ferrarini and Paolo Giudici 2005. All rights reserved. Short sections of text‚ not to exceed two paragraphs‚ may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit‚ including © notice‚ is given to the source. This
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auditor did all they could to detect the fraud? Evaluate whether auditors exercised due care and the level of professional skepticism to be expected in an audit the size of Parmalat. After review the material‚ it is apparently the auditors did not do all they could to detect the fraud Parmalat and its management conducted. Parmalat eliminated billions of its debt through various techniques‚ such as fictitious loan participation agreement; mischaracterize its bank loan as intercompany debt‚ etc. Since
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Parmalat Finanziaria‚ S.p.A. Case Brief Summary: Case Questions: 1). Identify key factors or circumstances that complicate an independent audit of a multinational company One thing to always keep in mind is that the culture is different across the globe. Auditors of multinational companies may face cultural and communication barriers with their clients‚ which can complicate audit tasks. We also have to account for different currency across different countries and any transactions involving them
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