AQA GCSE Chemistry Unit 1 C 1: Fundamental ideas: C 1.1. Atoms‚ elements and compounds: * All substances are made up of atoms. * Elements contain only one atom. * Compounds contain more than one atom. * An atom has a tiny nucleus in its centre‚ surrounded by electrons. C 1.2. Atomic structure: * Atoms are made up of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. * Protons and electrons have equal and opposite electrical charges. Protons are positively charged‚ and electrons are negatively
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Results and discussion The aqueous solubility of midazolam is a function of both the imidazobenzodiazepine ring opening‚ which is a fully reversible process‚ and the ionization of the drug molecule play an important role in the supramolecular complexation with water-soluble cyclodextrins (Loftsson et al.‚ 2001). Therefore‚ the total charges were assessed from the acid dissociation constant determined for different forms of midazolam as depicted in Figure 1. First‚ predicted negative decimal logarithm
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Linearity: A linear correlation coefficient factor was obtained between the peak area used and the absorbance Verses concentrations of lamivudine‚ zidovudine and nevirapine. The calibration curves were linear for concentrations between 15-150 µg/ml. The linearity of the calibration curves was validated by the values of the correlation coefficients (r2). The correlation coefficients were 0.999 for lamivudine‚ 0.999 zidovudine and 0.999 for nevirapine. The results of the linearity experiment are listed
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Background and Aims: An agonist produces a physiological response upon binding to a receptor while an antagonist inhibits agonist-mediated responses. It is reported that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors‚ located on the ileum of the small intestine‚ initiate contractile activity when an agonist (acetylcholine) is present. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a competitive antagonist (atropine) on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Methods: The isolated guinea pig ileum
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two properties that help to identify unknown compounds. To find the pKa of an unknown‚ pH meters are used during titrations to measure the potential difference in a solution by measure the difference of hydrogen-ion activity in a solution and reporting the pH. The pH is then plotted against the volume of solution added which provides the titration curve of a substance. From the titration curve information can be gathered about how many protons were dissociated and the equivalence point. pH=pKa+log([H]/[OH]
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thus is widely used to determine metals in complexometric titrations. EDTA can be represented as H4Y and in alkaline conditions‚ it exists as Y+ ions: The Y4- ions form 1:1 complexes with metal ions. For example‚ Ni2+ ions bind with them to form a stable octahedral complex NiY2-. An ordinary indicator cannot be used since the reaction does not involve a simple acid – alkali neutralisation so the end point of an EDTA complexometric titration can be detected by means of a metal ion indicator (an organic
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CHM 131(GENERAL CHEMISTRY) TITLE: BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES (EXPERIMENT 1) NAME: MURSYIDA BINTI MOHD DAKROH(ID: 2015883226) LAB PARTNERS:NABILA SOFEABINTI ZAWAWI (ID: 2015850932) :NUR ANISLYANA BINTI TAMAM (ID: 2015832718) :NUR AUNI BINTI MOHD RADZIFF (ID: 2015863252) LECTURER NAME: MADAM DYIA SYALEYANA BINTI MD.SHUKRI PROGRAM: RAS1201B DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 30 JUNE 2015 OBJECTIVE 1. To learn the qualitative and quantitative aspect
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Quantitative Determination of Sulphate by Gravimetric Analysis Table of Contents: 1. Synopsis 2. Objective 3. Theory 3.1: Summary 3.2: Technique 3.3: Chemicals 3.4: Instruments 4. Procedures 4.1: Precipitation of BaSO₄ 4.2: Washing and Filtration of BaSO₄ Precipitate 4.3: Drying and Weighing of BaSO₄ Precipitate 5. Results and Calculations 6. Discussions 7. Conclusion 8. References 1. Synopsis: This report is written about determining
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Calibration of Volumetric Glassware This set of laboratory experiments is designed to introduce you to some of the apparatus and operations you will be using during the remainder of this course‚ including the treatment of data using spreadsheets. While some of the procedures may seem trivial and the results obvious‚ this is a chance for you to develop good laboratory technique. Required Reading D.C. Harris‚ Quantitative Chemical Analysis (8th ed.‚ W. H. Freeman‚ NY‚ 2010) chapter 2 (Tools
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Rossi/Kuwata Chemistry 222 Spring 2011 Experiment 2: Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron in Vitamin Tablets (Adapted from Daniel C. Harris’ Quantitative Chemical Analysis and R. C. Atkins‚ Journal of Chemical Education 1975‚ 52‚ 550.) Experimental work to be done on February 24 + one hour scheduled on your own Notebook due on March 4 (by 4:00 pm ⇒ 20% late penalty each 24 hour period thereafter) INTRODUCTION In this experiment‚ you will dissolve the iron in a vitamin supplement tablet‚
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