COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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Microeconomics Topic 6: “Be able to explain and calculate average and marginal cost to make production decisions.” Reference: Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Microeconomics‚ 2nd edition‚ Chapter 13. Long-Run versus Short-Run In order to understand average cost and marginal cost‚ it is first necessary to understand the distinction between the “long run” and the “short run.” Short run: a period of time during which one or more of a firm’s inputs cannot be changed. Long run: a period of time during which
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INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL SUBJECT: FINANCIAL & COST ACCOUNTING Total Marks: 80 N.B.: 1)Allquestionsarecompulsory 2) All questions carry equal marks. Q1) ABC Ltd. Produces room coolers. The company is considering whether it should continue to manufacture air circulating fans itself or purchase them from outside. Its annual requirement is 25000 units. An outsider vendor is prepared to supply fans for Rs 285 each. In addition‚ ABC Ltd will have to incur costs of Rs 1.50 per unit for freight and Rs 10‚000
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Cost Accounting – Classification of costs Cost accounting refers to a process of accumulating‚ recording‚ classifying and analyzing all costs incurred at various levels of production. The purpose of cost accounting is manifold. It provides a final selling price‚ suggests the best possible course of action where maximum savings are possible and a strategy for future. Cost accounting is also constructive in comparing the input and output results that ultimately aids the management to arrive at a financial
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PRINCIPLES OF COST CONTROL 1.1 Introduction Cost is important to all industry. Costs can be divided into two general classes; absolute costs and relative costs. Absolute cost measures the loss in value of assets. Relative cost involves a comparison between the chosen course of action and the course of action that was rejected. This cost of the alternative action - the action not taken - is often called the "opportunity cost". The accountant is primarily concerned with the absolute cost. However‚
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1. The chief economist for Argus Corporation‚ a large appliance manufacturer‚ estimated the firm’s short-run cost function for vacuum cleaners using an average variable cost function of the form. AVC= a + bQ+ cQ^2 (the 2 is suppose to be exponent) Where AVC=dollars per vacuum cleaner and Q=number of vacuum cleaners produced each month. Total fixed cost each month is $180‚000. The following results were obtained: Dependent Variable:AVC R-Square
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successful cost reduction programmes In the current economic climate‚ most organisations must face up to a prolonged period of extreme competition and funding restrictions. This is particularly the case if the past few years have been focused on growth‚ service improvement or reorganisation (i.e. cost efficiency has not been a recent priority). Such pressures require an approach that reduces costs in a strategic‚ disciplined‚ and sustainable manner - delivered at pace. In our view serious cost reduction
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each of thefour possible $1 price changes. What can you conclude about the relationship between the slope of a curve and its elasticity? Explain in a nontechnical way why demand iselastic in the northwest segment of the demand curve and inelastic in the southeast segment. Product Price Quality Demanded $5 1 Vb 4 2 3 3 2 4 1 5 Answer: 1/1.5 / ¼.5= .67%/ 22%= 3.05 Ch 22 #7 1. Key Question A firm has fixed costs of $60 and variable costs as indicated in the table on the following
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40‚000 | | 100‚000 | | 404 | | | | 20‚000 | 20‚000 | 40‚000 | | 405 | | | | | 20‚000 | 20‚000 | | Total | 90‚000 | 120‚000 | 90‚000 | 60‚000 | 40‚000 | 400‚000 | 2 Physical Measures Method | Produced | Proportion | Joint Cost Allocation | Unit Cost | 401 | 90‚000 | (90‚000/400‚000)0.225 or 22.5% | (200‚000 x 0.225)45‚000 | (45‚000/90‚000)0.5 | 402 | 120‚000 | (120‚000/400‚000)0.3 or 30% | (200‚000 x 0.3)60‚000 | (60‚000/120‚000)0.5 | 403 | 90‚000 | (90‚000/400‚000)0.225 or 22.5%
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