幻灯片1 Impact Bias in Affective Forecasting 幻灯片2 Contents: 1. Memory and Prospection Systems 2. Impact bias 2.1 Definition 2.2 Causes of the impact bias 3. Impact bias and loss aversion 4. The way to reduce impact bias 5. Arguments 6. Conclusion 幻灯片3 1. Memory and Prospection Systems Memory and Prospection Systems According to the defination of human memory systems‚ there are two parts of human memory system. Declarative memory Non-declarative memory 幻灯片4 Non-declarative
Premium Psychology Cognition Decision making
Discuss the view that research practices in psychology are culturally bias. (30) Cultural bias occurs if psychological research when the psychologist uses participants from only one culture and then generalises it to others‚ without validation. There are two main types of cultures which psychologist have studied‚ these are individualist and collectivist. Individualistic culture emphasises the importance of an individual whereas collectivist cultures (who are more specifically eastern societies)
Free Culture Sociology Psychology
Memory ‘Memory – like liberty – is a fragile thing’ – Elizabeth Loftus. What does this statement suggest about memory as a way of knowing in the pursuit of ethical knowledge? Loftus suggests that memory‚ like liberty (i.e. freedom)‚ is something that can easily be manipulated due to its delicate nature. The title assumes that we can recall on past events in order to draw reasonable conclusions surrounding ethical issues. In order to understand the question raised in the title more easily it could
Premium Ethics Interrogation Amnesia
II. It is a risky approach‚ in several cases‚ the attempt to clarify a concept/definition leads to a greater degree of confusion from before which ultimately doesn’t help in acquiring knowledge‚ and becomes a hindrance in the acquisition of knowledge. a. Example i. In history‚ when I was studying the Arab-Israeli conflict‚ which is greatly known to be one of the most controversial conflicts in history‚ every aspect needed to be considered. In order to actually understand what was going on‚ I asked
Premium Egypt Israel Mathematics
Diploma Programme Chemistry data booklet First examinations 2009 Diploma Programme Chemistry data booklet First published March 2007 Revised edition published September 2008 International Baccalaureate Peterson House‚ Malthouse Avenue‚ Cardiff Gate Cardiff‚ Wales GB CF23 8GL United Kingdom Phone: +44 29 2054 7777 Fax: +44 29 2054 7778 Website: http://www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2008 The International Baccalaureate (IB) offers three high quality and
Premium Fatty acid Carboxylic acid Trigraph
TOK Human Sciences Essay: When compared to the natural science‚ it is difficult to consider the human science scientific. Defend or refute this statement. Introduction: There have always been debates on whether human science is considered scientific‚ especially when it is compared to natural sciences. In order to answer this question‚ I should first define the terms – science‚ natural science and human science. I define science as a systematic enterprise that organizes knowledge in testable
Free Science Scientific method Social sciences
TOK-SCIENCE What is science? -A body of knowledge Natural sciences (physics‚ chemistry‚ biology) + human sciences -A way of thinking Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain certain phenomena. Observation: Science starts with the observable sense perception Hypothesis: reason (sources) Experiment: all WOKs Results Doctrine of science (NS) All properties and events in the physical universe are governed
Premium Scientific method
Media bias is an unavoidable aspect of any information spreading source or program. Much like the saying “history is written by the victors” (Winston Churchill)‚ any information provided to the general public should be expected to be affected by the personal bias of the ones reporting the information. While it may be hard to spot an example of media bias‚ it is definitely there even if it is not meant to come on as a bias. Whether it is the placement of articles in the local newspaper‚ the scandalous
Premium Mass media Journalism News media
Examine the claim that it is possible to attain knowledge despite problems of bias and selection. In this essay‚ I will examine whether it is possible to gain knowledge from different sources even with problems in today’s world such as bias and selection. In order to gain a better understanding of this topic‚ it is necessary to first define the terms "bias" and "selection" as stated in the title. The Oxford Dictionary defines bias as "prejudice in favour of or against one thing‚ person‚ or group compared
Premium World War II Bias
EEvaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of Language as a WOK Language may often be defined as “a body of words and the systems for their use common to people who are of the same community or nation‚ the same geographical area‚ or the same culture/tradition” (dictionary.reference.com). Although language is a basis for communication‚ it has many forms and variations‚ not only specific to the same lingual group or nation‚ thus causing it to present both strengths and weaknesses depending on the situation
Free Communication Language Translation