9.5 – Industrial Chemistry (Option): Δ. Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: The EQUILIBRIUM Constant: For the basic reversible reaction‚ depicted as: aA + bB cC + dD; Uses of SULFURIC ACID: Fertiliser Production: Creating ammonium sulfate: sulfuric acid + ammonia ammonium sulfate H2SO4 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) (NH4)2SO4 (aq) Dehydrating Agent: Dehydration of ethanol: ethanol ethylene + water C2H5OH (l) C2H4 (g) + H2O (l) Dehydration
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ST ANDREW’S JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 Preliminary Examination CHEMISTRY 9647/03 Higher 2 13 September 2010 Paper 3 Free Response 2 hours Candidates answer on separate paper. Additional Materials: Answer paper‚ Graph Paper‚ Data Booklet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and civics group on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚
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human source of protein. millions of people could be affected. Ocean acidification affects crabs snails and sea urchins. These marine organisms need calcium and carbonate that is in sea water to build their shells or skeletons. As the pH decreases carbonate becomes less available making it hard for the animals to secrete calcium carbonate to form their skeletal material. Polluted runoff and fossil fuel emissions threaten the lobsters oysters bay scallops and mussels that support new
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Addition of carbon Combustion is the rapid burning of fossil fuels. Stored carbon in coal‚ oil and natural gas returns to the atmosphere when these fossil fuels are burnt and during natural combustion occurrences such as volcanic eruptions. Fossil Fuels such as coal are constructed when a living organism dies and decomposers‚ ie Fungi and microbes are unable to decompose it. After the organic material is untouched for millions of years‚ it eventually turns into fossil fuels. Petroleum‚ coal and
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to form water. Without water‚ we can not survive. In fact‚ we are mostly made of water. 2.2. Li Lithium does not occur naturally in biological systems and has no biological role‚ but does have effects on the body when ingested. Lithium carbonate is used as a mood stabilizer in psychiatry to treat bipolar disorder (manic-depression) in daily doses of about 0.5 to 2 grams‚ although there are side-effects. Excessive ingestion of lithium causes drowsiness‚ slurred speech and vomiting‚ among
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the coral reefs either. “This is damaging many ocean species that use calcium carbonate to form their skeletons and shells. Studies have shown that calcium carbonate formation is disrupted if water becomes too acidic”(Fujita‚ pg 2‚ par 8). So not only coral reefs being effected in skeletal growth‚ but all organisms that have an outer shell or exoskeleton have trouble developing a strong shell as the acid restricts the calcium production. Another effect that climate change brings about is rising sea
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substance ‘X’ is used for white washing. (i) Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula. (ii) Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ named in (i) above with water. Answer (i) The substance ‘X’ is calcium oxide. Its chemical formula is CaO. (ii) Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). Question 2: Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in Activity 1.7 double of the amount collected in the other? Name this gas. Answer Water (H2O) contains
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Introduction: The goal of this experiment was to measure the amount of gas produced in various reactions. The Ideal Gas Law was needed in order to calculate the mass of reactants and moles of gas produced: ‚ where is the pressure in atm‚ is the volume in Liters‚ is the number of moles‚ is the ideal gas constant [0.082 (Latm)/(Kmol)]‚ and is the temperature in Kelvins. Considering the units on R‚ it was important to convert pressure‚ volume‚ and temperature to atm‚ L‚ and K‚ respectively. In
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synthesis. It is the breakdown of a compound‚ usually through electrolysis. Electrolysis is a method of separating bonded elements or compounds by passing an electric current through them . An example of a decomposition reaction is Calcium carbonate calcium oxide+ carbon dioxide Single displacement is the replacement of one element with another in a compound. One of the elements is one of the reactants‚ and a metal replaces a metal or a non-metal replaces a non-metal. Eg. Magnesium
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OSTEOPOROSIS Stroehlein OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis • Porous bones • Systemic skeletal disease-loss of bone mass (low bone density) • Increased bone fragility-risk for fracture • 44 million Americans‚ more than one tenth of the population • One of the most common disorders associated with aging ‚although NOT a consequence of normal aging Risk Factors and the Effects on Bone Typical Loss of Height Associated with Osteoporosis and Aging Manifestations • Loss of height • Pain does not occur unless
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