STEWARDSHIP INFORMATION SERIES Hardness in Groundwater February 2007 What is water hardness? Water hardness is primarily the amount of calcium and magnesium‚ and to a lesser extent‚ iron in the water. Water hardness is measured by adding up the concentrations of calcium‚ magnesium and converting this value to an equivalent concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in milligrams per litre (mg/L) of water. The Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality Hardness divide hardness into
Premium Water Calcium Hard water
production of the substance. Causes- The parathyroid glands help to use‚ monitor and remove calcium from the body. This occurs thanks to the production of parathyroid hormone‚ or PTH. PTH helps control the calcium‚ phosphorus and vitamin D levels in the blood and bones. People with the Pseudohypoparathyroidism produce the right amount of PTH‚ but the body is "resistant" to its effect. This causes calcium levels in the blood are low and those of high phosphate. The Pseudohypoparathyroidism is caused
Premium Insulin Diabetes mellitus Obesity
supervision of a teacher Safety goggles must be worn when working with acids. Factors Affecting Reaction Rate EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS Part 1. Effect of Particle Size solid zinc‚ approx. 0.5 cm × 2 cm‚ or solid marble chips zinc powder or calcium carbonate powder balance 2 test tubes 1M HCl (approx 10 mL per group) Part 2. Effect of Temperature 3 Alka Seltzer tablets 3 250-mL beakers water at three temperatures – with ice‚ room temperature‚ warm (around 70°C) Part 3. Effect of Concentration
Premium Chemical reaction Zinc Hydrochloric acid
Survey of the Sciences Unit 4: The Science of Fireworks 7-7-14/7-14-14 What is a firework? An explosive or combustible used for display. In the 19th century the introduction of new ingredients such as magnesium and aluminum greatly heightened the brilliance of such displays. There are two main classes of fireworks‚ force-and-spark and flame. In force and spark compositions‚ potassium nitrate‚ sulfur‚ and finely ground charcoal are used‚ with additional ingredients that produce various types
Premium Calcium Potassium Electrolysis
IGSCE Chemistry Notes Oxides Oxides are used to determine whether an element is a metal or a non-metal. Most non-metals are classed as acidic oxides. While most metals are classed as basicoxides. Acidic Oxides * Reacts with water to form acids * Neutralises alkaline solution to form salt + water Basic Oxides * Neutralises acidic solutions to form salt + water Amphoeteric Oxides * These are non-metals which display both acidic and basic properties Alkaline Oxides * Reacts
Premium Oxygen Carbon dioxide Hydrogen
Objective: The purpose of the lab is to learn filtering techniques. Specifically‚ to form and filter a calcium carbonate precipitate using a Buchner funnel. Procedure: a.) Prepared a mixture of .5 M calcium nitrate (45 mL) and .01 M sodium carbonate by combining and stirring the two liquids in a beaker. Allow the mixture to stand. b.) Prepare the filtration assembly. The assembly consists of a tapered flask with a buchner funnel inserted in the top. The funnel has a rubber stopper attached
Premium Laboratory glassware Water Solid
catalyst which‚ in this case‚ was 85% phosphoric acid. Dehydration can be defined as any chemical reaction which involves the removal of a water molecule from a substance. During the experiment‚ anhydrous calcium chloride was provided as a drying agent to ensure that pure cyclohexene was obtained‚ calcium chloride works by binding itself to the water molecule thus removing it in the process. After the dehydrating process was completed‚ a few tests using Potassium Permanganate solution and Bromine which
Premium Chemistry Hydrochloric acid Distillation
Nomenclature for Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds consist of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions). The nomenclature‚ or naming‚ of ionic compounds is based on the names of the component ions. Here are the principal naming conventions for ionic compounds‚ along with examples to show how they are used: Roman NumeralsA Roman numeral in parentheses‚ followed by the name of the element‚ is used for elements that can form more than one positive ion. This is usually seen with metals. You
Premium Ion Molecule
to be used to identify an unknown sample. Sulphuric acid was to be added to a carbonate solution and an effervescent reaction would confirm the presence of carbonate anions. Another sample of carbonate solution was to be reacted with hydrochloric acid and the gaseous product was to be reacted with a suspended drop of barium carbonate. The presence of clouding in the droplet would also confirm the presence of carbonate anions. Silver nitrate was to be added to chloride solution and the
Premium Chemistry Ion Solubility
in car antifreeze Concentration should not exceed 20g. 8 Cleaning Ability Chalk based toothpaste Concentration should be kept minimum possible. 9 Bleaching Characteristics Common bleaching agents is: -Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Concentration should not exceed 1% 10 Plaque Control Pyrophosphates stop formation of tartar by removing deposition of magnesium and calcium on the teeth Concentration of Triclosan should not exceed 0.3% 11 Removal of surface stains
Premium Teeth Toothpaste