Microeconomics Topic 6: “Be able to explain and calculate average and marginal cost to make production decisions.” Reference: Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Microeconomics‚ 2nd edition‚ Chapter 13. Long-Run versus Short-Run In order to understand average cost and marginal cost‚ it is first necessary to understand the distinction between the “long run” and the “short run.” Short run: a period of time during which one or more of a firm’s inputs cannot be changed. Long run: a period of time during which
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Cost classification is the process of grouping costs according to their common characteristics. A suitable classification of costs is of vital importance in order to identify the cost with cost centres or cost units. Cost may be classified accounting to their nature‚ i.e.‚ material‚ labor and expenses and a number of other characteristics. The same cost figures are classified according to different ways of costing depending upon the purpose to be achieved and requirements of particular
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Answer 1. A cost that remains the same in total even when volume of activity varies is a: A. Fixed cost. B. Curvilinear cost. C. Variable cost. D. Step-wise variable cost. E. Standard cost. 2. An important tool in predicting the volume of activity‚ the costs to be incurred‚ the sales to be earned‚ and the profit to be received is: A. Target income analysis. B. Cost-volume-profit analysis. C. Least-squares regression of costs. D. Variance analysis. E. Process costing. 3. Cost-volume-profit
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Project Cost Management Review pages 273‚ 274‚ and 275!!! EV PV AC EVM RP CV SV CPI SPI The Importance of Project Cost Management IT projects have a poor track record for meeting budget goals. The CHAOS studies found the average cost overrun (the additional percentage or dollar amount by which actual costs exceed estimates) ranged from 180 percent in 1994 to 56 percent in 2004; other studies found overruns to be 33-34 percent. What is Cost and Project Cost
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COST ANALYSIS Prepared by: Nebuchadnezzar Rabaya OBJECTIVES To provide a basic understanding of the nature of cost analysis. To give highlights on the importance of cost analysis on any venture. To present a clear overview on various types of costs. Cost Definition: an amount that has to be paid or spent to buy or obtain something. Analysis Definition: is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. What is cost analysis
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Sunk costs are costs that are irrecoverable. It’s something that you already spent and that you won’t get back‚ regardless of future outcomes. And remember that the greatest example of sunk cost you pay is with your own time‚ and which you will not be able to recover: all that you lived up until now is gone — you just can’t reclaim that time. Stop clinging to the past and make the most of your life right now. One of the most important lessons about economic costs is that sunk costs are sunk
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Cycle Cost How your Northern saves you money ® Reference: Hydraulic Institute (www.pumps.org) What is Life Cycle Cost? • The life cycle cost (LCC) of any piece of equipment is the total “lifetime cost to purchase‚ install‚ operate‚ maintain‚ and dispose of that equipment. • The components of a life cycle cost analysis typically include initial cost‚ installation and commissioning costs‚ energy costs‚ operation costs‚ maintenance and repair costs‚ down time costs‚ environmental costs‚ and
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Cost Methods ACC/561 September 4‚ 2013 Cost Methods Absorption costing is a process in which you relate a portion of your fixed overhead costs to the manufacturing product cost. This process will be done on a per unit term. Divide the fixed costs by the number of units manufactured and sold over the period of the term. This will give you the cost of per unit for the amount made and the amount. With the variable costing unlike the absorption costing you will use the fixed
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START UP COSTS‚ ETC. Start-Up Costs With the start-up of any new company‚ it is very important to get all finances‚ start-up costs and maintenance costs together before actual start-up. Ample amount of research needs to be conducted in order to be sure that more or less a surplus of funds is obtained instead of not enough. Costs must be carefully researched to justify the amount of money actually being spent on the start-up of a new company. Costs needed to start up my Netflix type
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Cost‚ Volume‚ and Profit Formulas All businesses require becoming profitable or at some point they will fail. Accounting plays an essential role in determining if the company will become successful and continue to do so over time. Using well-defined formulas in order to assess the exact numbers will facilitate the actions a company needs to carry out in order to maintain its goals. The accounting department would look at the cost-volume-profit analysis to concentrate on the different components
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