products. Chuck questioned if the current cost-management system was providing the management with accurate data about product costs. In a traditional‚ volume-based product-costing system‚ only a single predetermine overhead rate is used. All manufacturing-overhead costs are combined into one cost pool‚ a grouping of individual indirect cost items‚ and they are applied to products on the basis of a single variable that costs over a given time span (cost driver) that is closely related to production
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TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Total quality management may be defined as “managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimensions of products and services that area important to the customer.” It has two fundamental operational goals‚ namely 1. Careful design of the product of service. 2. Ensuring that the organization’s systems can consistently produce the design. These two goals can only be achieved if the entire organization is oriented toward them – hence the term total
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Total Quality Management – MGT510 VU Lesson # 01 OVERVIEW OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL MANAGERIAL ERA (1950) In our present age of market driven capitalism and futuristic knowledge driven economic markets‚ the decision are made and the trends are set by the professional managers. Unlike their predecessors‚ the captains of today’s business do not own their own companies. They must know the whole business but have control over only one small part. They must be product oriented‚ process
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TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT By- SANJAY KUMAR* TQM A SUSTAINED MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT TO QUALITY- An Organizations Personality and Culture will ultimately reflect it’s senior Management values‚ If an organization is serious about implementing TQM‚ the Commitments to do so has to start at the TOP‚ and the organization’s Senior Management has to be unwavering in its commitment to quality Focusing on the Customer Lee Lacocca once advertised
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Chapter 4: Costs and Cost Minimization Multiple Choice 1. Suppose you are a star basketball player at a major university in your sophomore year. You are sought after by several NBA teams. Which of the following choices best characterizes your opportunity cost if you choose to drop out of college and enter the NBA? a) The value of your college scholarship that you have given up. b) The skills that two more years of playing at your college would have given you along with their additional value
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budgets. 3. The costs of direct materials are classified as: A. Choice A B. Choice B C. Choice C D. Choice D 4. The three basic elements of manufacturing cost are direct materials‚ direct labor‚ and: A. cost of goods manufactured. B. cost of goods sold. C. work in process. D. manufacturing overhead. 5. 25. Prime cost consists of direct materials combined with: A. direct labor. B. manufacturing overhead. C. indirect materials. D. cost of goods manufactured.
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Cost Control and Cost Reduction A business enterprise must survive‚ grow‚ and prosper. Cost Control and Cost Reduction are activities necessary for ensuring that these objectives are fulfilled. With the liberalization of the Indian Economy and Globalization‚ there is now a cut throat competition from various concerns of the world. As a result there is now a race to secure a place for survival. This has increased the importance of cost control and Cost Reduction. Cost Control “Cost control
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fixed costs‚ semi-fixed costs‚ and variable costs. Fixed costs are those which do not change with the level of activity within the relevant range. These costs will incur even if no units are produced. For example rent expense‚ straight-line depreciation expense‚ etc. Fixed costs are those which do not change with the level of activity within the relevant range. These costs will incur even if no units are produced. For example rent expense‚ straight-line depreciation expense‚ etc. Mixed costs or semi-variable
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Written by: Edmund Quek CHAPTER 6 THE THEORY OF COST LECTURE OUTLINE 1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 INTRODUCTION SHORT-RUN THEORY OF COST Distinction between fixed cost and variable cost Total cost Marginal cost Average cost Relationship between marginal cost and average cost Optimum capacity LONG-RUN THEORY OF COST Cost minimisation in the long run Long-run average cost Productive efficiency References John Sloman‚ Economics William A. McEachern‚ Economics Richard G. Lipsey and
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CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT? An organization planning the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) is about to embark on the challenge and opportunity of a lifetime. This adventure must surely change the organization. Total Quality Management can be the answer to both the customer’s plea for improved products and services and the organization’s quality and productivity problems. This chapter sets the stage for the conceptual understanding that is required before starting
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