There are many incentives to move away from vivo testing. One of the main motivations to use alternative methods is ethical: toxicity tests in all fields are associated with high levels of suffering (Burden‚ Sewell‚ and Chapman 1-8). Not only are there ethical drives‚ but there are also scientific drives to ultimately eliminate animal testing (Burden‚ Sewell‚ and Chapman 1-8). One scientific drive is the question that must be answered: is it acceptable for a human being to be exposed to it‚ not just
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Pesticides are frequently used for controlling pests in agricultural field but they also enter into aquatic system and ultimately affect non-target organism like fish very adversely.Profenofos a well known organophosphate pesticide is a potential toxicant polluting the aquatic system which has been in agricultural use for controlling pests . The present study is aimed to assess the histopathological impact of lethal (0.3 parts per million (ppm)) and sub lethal (0.06 parts per million (ppm))
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properly organized and motivated‚ we can dramatically reduce the effects of global warming. There are several ways that people can help in protecting our environment. We can do this by changing our lifestyle by saving our water resources‚ reducing toxicity by not using those products that contain chlorofluorocarbons‚ and protecting our air and conserving our energy resources‚ all of these are very helpful if we were to create a better world for the people of this planet. To begin reducing global
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the kidney and liver‚ the dietary detoxifying organs‚ although different between the 3 GMOs. Other effects were also noticed in the heart‚ adrenal glands‚ spleen and haematopoietic system. We conclude that these data highlight signs of hepatorenal toxicity‚ possibly due to the new pesticides specific to each GM corn. In addition‚ unintended direct or indirect metabolic consequences of the genetic modification cannot be excluded. Introduction Background of the study There is a world-wide debate
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INTRODUCTION Definition; It is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to deliver adequate quantities of blood to the metabolizing tissues during normal activity or at rest. Causes 1. Although the disease occurs most commonly among the elderly (80% of patients hospitalized with CHF are > 65 years of age)‚ it may appear at any age as a consequence of underlying cardiovascular disease. 2. There currently is no single
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the MOEO (10‚ 100 and 1000 mg/kg) were administered i.p. to three groups of mice‚ and the control group received normal saline (10 ml/kg‚ i.p.). In the second phase‚ other doses of the MOEO (1600‚ 2900 and 5000 mg/kg) were administered. Signs of toxicity and mortality within 24 h were noted. The LD50 was then calculated based on the pattern of death observed in the second phase using the Probit-log analysis from the graph of percent mortality against log dose of the
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established containment level‚ there is a possibility that humans may have already previously been exposed to and suffered from the high fluorine levels. Additionally‚ Fallon states‚ “Acute toxicity to fluoride has been reported with exposures in the range of 1 to 5 mg/kg of body weight. Symptoms of toxicity associated with fluoride ingestion include nausea‚ vomiting‚ diarrhea‚ sialorrhea‚ and abdominal pain. Other less frequently reported symptoms include cardiac arrhythmias and death” (2). These
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The absurdity of the methanol economy I had not actually heard of it‚ but a colleague mentioned it in the course of conversation: George Olah‚ the Hungarian-born U.S. chemist whose research is focused on hydrocarbons‚ strongly advocates the introduction of methanol as a chemical energy carrier. The basic idea is that‚ to be sure‚ we need to find a replacement for the short chain alkanes that constitute the major part of gasoline‚ aviation spirit‚ etc.‚ and which are used as the source of motive
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Drug Metabolism Prof. Patrick Davis Basic Medicinal Chemical Principles PHR 143M Fall-08 Importance of Drug Metabolism • The basic premise: Lipophilic Drugs --> Hydrophilic Metabolites (Not Excreted) (Excreted) • Water soluble => increased renal excretion -anddecreased tubular re-absorption of lipophilics. Importance of Drug Metabolism CH 3 CH 2OH CHO COOH OH O C 2H 5 Δ1-THC PC=6000 - O C O O HO OH COO OH OH Excreted Form O C 2H 5
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Kelly Moore This assignment will critically analyse the current aspects of acute pain control in defence healthcare. The focus of this discussion will examine current methods of pain management utilised in British military trauma patients for repatriation via Aeromedical Evacuation (AE). This will include the use of Continuous Peripheral Nerve Block’s (CPNB)‚ Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) and epidurals. In order to maintain confidentiality‚ all names will be replaced with pseudonyms in accordance
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