Economic Cost of “Power Outages” By Dr. Aisha Ghaus-Pasha Table of Contents Page No. 1. Causes of Power Outages 1 2. Quantifying Outage Costs 2 3. Incidence of Outages 4 4. Pattern of Direct Costs 5 5. Types of Adjustments to Outages 5 6. Extent of Recovery of Output 6 7. Total Outage Costs to the Industrial Sector 6 8. National Costs of Load Shedding 7 9. Policy Implications 9 9.1. Investment in Power Sector 9 9.2. Load Management
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successful cost reduction programmes In the current economic climate‚ most organisations must face up to a prolonged period of extreme competition and funding restrictions. This is particularly the case if the past few years have been focused on growth‚ service improvement or reorganisation (i.e. cost efficiency has not been a recent priority). Such pressures require an approach that reduces costs in a strategic‚ disciplined‚ and sustainable manner - delivered at pace. In our view serious cost reduction
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Fair Trade Today I want to talk about „Fair Trade“. At first I tell you something about the generall things (What is FT ? My second point ist he organisation‚ then the principles‚ goals the Ft Label and the use of money. 1. Fair Trade FT is a controlled Trade‚ in which the prices fort he products are settled eighter. The strategy ist hat producer should get a eighter and safer income. It is concentrated on goods from the 3rd word and southern countries which are exported to the industrial countries
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probably not attributable to chance is: (Points : 1) | Type I error Type II error Statistical significance In the semi-quartile range | 5. A score that is likely to fall into the middle 68% of scores of a normal distribution will fall inside these values: (Points : 1) | . +/- 3 standard deviations +/- 2 standard deviations +/- 1 standard deviation semi-quartile range | 6. It is important to assess the magnitude or strength of
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The company’s distribution strategy covers choice of firm distribution and transport‚ number and location of warehouse and weather the company carries out activities itself or buys (outsources) them. Toyota’s automotive sales distribution network is the largest in Japan. As of March 31‚ 2009‚ this network consisted of 290 dealers employing approximately 40‚000 sales personnel and operating more than 4‚800 sales and service outlets. Toyota owns 19 of these dealers and the remainder is independent
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1. The chief economist for Argus Corporation‚ a large appliance manufacturer‚ estimated the firm’s short-run cost function for vacuum cleaners using an average variable cost function of the form. AVC= a + bQ+ cQ^2 (the 2 is suppose to be exponent) Where AVC=dollars per vacuum cleaner and Q=number of vacuum cleaners produced each month. Total fixed cost each month is $180‚000. The following results were obtained: Dependent Variable:AVC R-Square
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PRINCIPLES OF COST CONTROL 1.1 Introduction Cost is important to all industry. Costs can be divided into two general classes; absolute costs and relative costs. Absolute cost measures the loss in value of assets. Relative cost involves a comparison between the chosen course of action and the course of action that was rejected. This cost of the alternative action - the action not taken - is often called the "opportunity cost". The accountant is primarily concerned with the absolute cost. However‚
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The production ‘Brassed Off’‚ adapted by Paul Allen from the Mark Herman screenplay‚ was a theatrical exploration of the true story of Grimly Colliery and the troubles it faced as the mine was being shut down. My opinion of this production was that it was an interesting and relevant view on the world of a poverty stricken town that was excellently directed and acted. It demonstrated how even nowadays people‚ especially those higher in society‚ do not make decisions based on those who will be most
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------------------------------------------------- ASSIGNMENT ON COST CONTROL AND COST REDUCTION ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
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INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL SUBJECT: FINANCIAL & COST ACCOUNTING Total Marks: 80 N.B.: 1)Allquestionsarecompulsory 2) All questions carry equal marks. Q1) ABC Ltd. Produces room coolers. The company is considering whether it should continue to manufacture air circulating fans itself or purchase them from outside. Its annual requirement is 25000 units. An outsider vendor is prepared to supply fans for Rs 285 each. In addition‚ ABC Ltd will have to incur costs of Rs 1.50 per unit for freight and Rs 10‚000
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