Cost Accounting Chapter Module-1 - Introduction to Cost Accounting Definition Cost: - Generally cost refers to all expenses incurred in producing a product or rendering service. But‚ from the cost accounting point of view “Cost is a normal sacrifice of resources in the creation of product or services”. Costing: - Costing is defined as “the technique and process of ascertaining cost of a given thing”. According to CIMA it is defined as “the establishment of budgets‚ standard‚ costs and
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WHAT ARE COSTS AND PROFITS? HUNGRY HELEN’S COOKIE FACTORY • Helen‚ the owner of the cookie factory‚ buys flour‚ sugar‚ flavorings‚ and other cookie ingredients. • She also buys the mixers and the ovens and hires workers to run the equipment. • She then sells the resulting cookies to consumers. 2 TOTAL REVENUE‚ TOTAL COST‚ AND PROFIT • The amount that Helen receives for the sale of its output (cookies) is its total revenue. • The amount that the firm pays to buy inputs (flour‚ sugar‚ workers
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Quiz 2 1) Cost-volume-profit analysis is used primarily by management: A) as a planning tool B) for control purposes C) to prepare external financial statements D) to attain accurate financial results Answer: A Diff: 1 Terms: cost-volume-profit (CVP) Objective: 1 AACSB: Communication 2) One of the first steps to take when using CVP analysis to help make decisions is: A) finding out where the total costs line intersects with the total revenues line on a graph. B) identifying which costs are variable
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Relevant Costs Defined Relevant costs possess two characteristics: (1) They are future costs and (2) They differ across alternatives. All pending decisions relate to the future; accordingly‚ only future costs can be relevant to decisions. However‚ to be relevant‚ a cost must not only be a future cost but must also differ from one alternative to another. If a future cost is the same for more than one alternative‚ then it has no effect on the decision. Such a cost is irrelevant. The
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3/13/01 9:40 M Page 9 PART I Purpose of Cost Accounting 9 CH01_Bragg_36794 3/13/01 9:40 M Page 10 CH01_Bragg_36794 3/13/01 9:40 M Page 11 CHAPTER 1 Role of Cost Accounting When properly implemented‚ the cost accounting function can have a pervasive influence in the modern corporation. Unfortunately‚ it is not always properly implemented because management often is not completely aware of all the uses to which the cost accounting function can be put. This chapter describes
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Transaction Exposure (Note 11; Ch 8) 1. Transaction Exposure 2. Hedging Foreign exchange exposure is a measure of the potential for a firm’s profitability‚ net cash flow‚ and market value to change because of a change in exchange rates These three components (profits‚ cash flow and market value) are the key financial elements of how we evaluate the relative success or failure of a firm 1. Transaction Exposure: measures changes in the value of outstanding financial obligations
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Define cost object and give three examples Cost object is defined as “Anything for which a separate measurement of cost is desired”. The term cost object and cost objective is synonymous. Cost object may refer to a process‚ a cost centre‚ and cost units. Cost unit is a quantitative unit of product or service in relation to which cost are ascertained. Cost centre is a location‚ function or item of equipment in respect of which cost are ascertained. 2. Define cost accumulation
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Criticism on historical cost accounting 1. Inability to provide useful information in times of rising prices * Assumes that money holds a constant purchasing power‚ so the result become irrelevance in times of rising prices * Received much criticism during high inflation periods of 1970s and 1980s. * Obvious flaw in time of rising prices. 2. Real problem of additivity * Some countries allowed revaluation of non-current assets and the different assets are revaluing
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Cost Reduction Techniques I. Introduction a) Why the need for cost reduction measures b) Who can implement these methods? c) Can I really make a difference? Organizing and Developing a Successful Cost Reduction Program a) What management can do about cost reductions b) Developing your cost reduction program c) Waste Prevention and its impact to the bottom line d) Operational analysis – a key to many savings e) Promoting a cost reduction program f) Communication results to all levels of management/organization
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Cost Classification Introduction: In this assignment I will be discussing how costs incurred in any organization may be classified in a number of different ways for a number of different purposes. I will also be looking to find companies that use a variety of different costing techniques and methods. I will also be discussing the comparisons between marginal and absorption costing and how the concept of activity based costing can also be compared with these. To complete the assignment I will
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