1. Outline the Steps of DNA: a. DNA Replication begins at the Origin of Replication b. Helicase cuts hydrogen bonds and separates DNA in half c. Semiconservative replication produces two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one entirely new strand. d. Topoisomerases catalyze and guide the unknotting of DNA e. Single Strand Binding Proteins attach to the halves and keep the DNA molecules separated (they are needed because the sides are attracted to each other and with out
Free DNA RNA
3’. o Lagging strand goes 3’ to 5’. Takes longer to replicate cause it’s built in fragments. • Tip from the book(know these enzymes for replication: DNA polymerase‚ ligase‚ helicase‚ and topoisomerase. Know this enzyme for transcription(the role of RNA polymerase. • Replication(making DNA from already existing DNA strand. DNA replication is semiconservative (1/2 of original DNA and the other ½ is from new DNA strand). This is used by humans! o A group of enzymes
Premium DNA Gene expression
Transcription and Translation Notes for IB Diploma Year 1 DNA is a huge information database that carries the complete set of instructions for making all the proteins a cell will ever need! Although there are only four different bases in DNA (A‚ C‚ G and T)‚ the order in which the bases occur determines the information to make a protein‚ just like the 26 letters of the alphabet combine to form words and sentences: Compare: RAT - TAR - ART - same 3 letters; completely different meanings. And
Premium RNA DNA Protein
Shine-Delgarno sequence Transcription mRNA AUG UGA Leader (5’-UTR) Trailer (3’-UTR) Translation Protein
Premium DNA Gene expression
Protein synthesis occurs in two steps : Transcription and Translation. Transcription is the process of creating an mRNA copy of a DNA template; the mRNA is then translated into protein. The Messenger RNA (mRNA) contains the genetic information is copied from DNA during transcription . During translation‚ ribosomes synthesize the proteins using the mRNA copy produced during transcription. Proteins are complex molecules that each has a very unique shape‚ structure and function. The shape of the
Free Protein DNA Amino acid
prokaryotes require a promoter region for gene transcription. true 5 Eukaryotic genes are almost always organized in groups‚ similar to operons in prokaryotes. false Advertisement Hide ads ($1). 6 Unmethylated CpG islands are correlated with inactive genes. false 7 Loosely packed chromatin is said to be in an open conformation. true 8 MicroRNAs increase the rate of mRNA translation. false 9 The ability of cells
Premium DNA Gene expression
A G C C A C T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): AUG GGA AAU CAU CGG UGA Translation (amino acid sequence): Met (Start) Gly Asp His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence one: 3’-T A C G C T T T A G T A G C C A T T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA): AUG CGA AAU CAU CGG UAA Translation (amino acid sequence): Met(Start) Arg Asp His Arg Stop Mutated gene sequence two: 3’-T A A C C T T T A C T A G G C A C T-5’ Transcription (base sequence of RNA):
Free Protein DNA Amino acid
Answer the following in at least 100 words: 1. Describe the structure of DNA. ➢ DNA is a nucleic acid‚ which consist of long chains (polymers) of chemical units (monomers) called nucleotide. A molecule of DNA contains two polynucleotides‚ each a chain of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base‚ a sugar‚ and a phosphate group. Each DNA strand serves as a mold‚ or template‚ to guide reproduction of the other strand. There are four different types of nucleotides found in DNA
Premium DNA Gene
changes in genetic information. They can involve only one DNA nucleotide or the whole chromosome. Mutations may or may not affect gene function. SAMPLE ANSWER: SAMPLE ANSWER: DNA-binding proteins regulate genes by controlling transcription in prokaryotes. In eukaryotes‚ transcription factors control gene expression by binding DNA sequences in the regulatory regions. Cell proteins regulate gene expression. RNA contains the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine. It is usually
Free DNA RNA
In prokaryotes‚ it’s easier to make DNA replication because of the lack of a nucleus‚ but to do DNA replication in a eukaryotic cell is more difficult. DNA of an eukaryotic cell is in chromatin form to fit into the small nucleus for the replication to occur‚ first the DNA should open. This is because it is harder for eukaryotes to carry out DNA synthesis. Replication of DNA in a prokaryote is different from a eukaryote. In a prokaryote they have a single origin where the replication process starts
Premium DNA Eukaryote Bacteria