determine whether induction of β-galactosidase is due to new enzyme being made or due to activation of pre-existing enzyme. To determine if a new enzyme was being made we used the compounds 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and chloramphenicol (Cm) as transcription and translation
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are for information transfer processes such as DNA replication‚ transcription and translation. Of these‚ DNA replication machinery appears to be most different between the two domains. In terms of transcription‚ the core subunits of the RNA polymerase are the same in Bacteria and Archaea‚ but archaea also contains several smaller subunits as well as certain transcription factors not found in bacteria. Most components of the translation machinery which includes different rRNAs‚ r-proteins‚ major elongation
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Use RESTRICTED to schools where students have purchased this manual Molecular Genetics IB SL IB HL IB Options AP Biology Complete nos: Complete nos: Complete nos: Complete nos: 1‚ 3-4‚ 7‚ 9(a)‚ 11‚ 13(a)-(d)‚14-15‚ 20-22 Extension: 2‚ 12 1-26‚ 28-29‚ 3132‚ 34 Extension: 27‚ 30‚ 33 Option D: 30 1-34 Some numbers as extension as appropriate L earning Objectives 1. Compile your own glossary from the KEY WORDS displayed in bold type in the learning objectives
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GENETICS (DNA - CHROMOSOMES) 7/16/2013 DNA – Chromosomes - Genes DNA •DNA: the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms. •The material inside the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information. • The scientific name for DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. D.J.A 1 7/16/2013 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Chromosomes • A chromosome is one of the threadlike "packages" of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of a cell. •
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I. How are gametes different from somatic cells? 1. Somatic Cells A. Body Cells i. Eyes‚ Liver‚ Spleen 2. Gametes A. Sex Cells i. Sperm‚ Eggs a. Sperm- Male Sex Cells b. Eggs- Female Sex Cells II. What do the terms haploid and diploid mean? 1. Haploid A. A cell only has one copy of each chromosome i. Somatic Cells 2. Diploid A. A cell has two copies of each chromosome i. Gametes III. What are homologous chromosomes? 1. Two chromosomes--one inherited
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transfers amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation. Messenger RNA only transfers information whereas transfer RNA transfers amino acids. d. termination signal and stop codon: Termination signal: a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene. Stop Codon: Termination signal is in transcription and stop codon is in translation. e. transcription and translation: Transcription: the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a
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Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………3 Chapter 1. Lexical problems of translation…………………………………… 1.1 Complete lexical correspondences……………………………………… 1.2 Partial lexical correspondences…………………………………………. 1.3 Absence of lexical correspondences…………………………………… Chapter 2. Lexical difficulties of translation ………………………………….. 2.1 Types of lexical transformations……………………………………… 2.2 Translation of words having no correspondence in TL……………… Conclusion…………………………………………………………………
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synthesis is broken up in two two steps: transcription and translation. Transcription starts inside the nucleus when the DNA is unzipped by helicase. Following that‚ the mRNA nucleotides match to their complementary bases using an enzyme called RNA polymerase. Once they are matched‚ the mRNA exits the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm to begin translation. Translation is the synthesis of a protein using the genetic information encoded in the mRNA. Translation begins when the mRNA start codon
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10-2 VOCABULARY REVIEW 1. mRNA carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell. 2. tRNA is a chain of RNA nucleotides that are folded into a hairpin shape and can bind to a specific amino acid. 3. Transcription is the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA. 4. A promoter is a region of DNA that marks the beginning of the DNA chain that is to be transcribed. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. c 2. d
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Exam 1 (Biol 120‚ Spring 2014) 2/21/14 12:00-12:50 pm 50 questions × 3 points = 150 points 1. Table right compares the shape and size of various prokaryotes. Which one best describes Escherichia coli? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 2. Which is the least permeable through the cell membrane? A) Proton B) Water C) Glycerol D) Tryptophan E) Glucose 3. Figure right shows three classes of transport systems. Which one is using energy? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 1 and 2 E) 1‚ 2 and 3 Use figure right to answer
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