The tissue samples were visualized using a Leica microscope (Leica Microsystems‚ Wetzlar‚ Germany)‚ and the Leica image manager software to enhance and photograph the sections. All sections were photographed and epidermal thickness was measured 50 places per section and the average epidermal thickness was calculated pr section (Fig. S5). The measurements were made on sections photographed at 10X enhancement. All sections were blinded to the observer during measurements. Strengths: Good method
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What functions do transcription and translation carry out‚ and where are they carried out in the cell? Transcription: process of creating an equivalent RNA copy of a sequence of DNA Transcription is the first step leading to gene expression. The stretch of DNA transcribed into an RNA molecule is called a transcription unit and encodes at least one gene. Occurs in nucleus of the cell Translation: Translation is the production of proteins by decoding mRNA produced in transcription. Translation occurs
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Immunity & Ageing Research BioMed Central Open Access Cell autonomous expression of inflammatory genes in biologically aged fibroblasts associated with elevated NF-kappaB activity Andres Kriete*1‚2‚ Kelli L Mayo1‚2‚ Nirupama Yalamanchili1‚ William Beggs2‚ Patrick Bender2‚ Csaba Kari3 and Ulrich Rodeck3 Address: 1School of Biomedical Engineering‚ Science and Health Systems‚ Drexel University‚ Bossone Research Center‚ 3141 Chestnut Street‚ Philadelphia‚ PA 19104‚ USA‚ 2Coriell Institute
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REDISCOVERING BIOLOGY Cell Biology and Cancer “ We now understand a lot about cancer. We know that it results from a series of genetic changes having to do with cell division and growth control and genetic instability‚ mortality‚ the suicide mechanism in cells; the ability of the cells to migrate; the ability of the cells to attract to them a blood supply. And so that’s pretty profound that in a few sentences one can summarize a sophisticated‚ fundamental understanding of what a cancer is.” LELAND
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preplanning ensures better identification of data needs and their adequate coverage in the tools for collection of data. Data processing consists of a number of closely related operations‚ viz.‚ (1) editing‚ (2) classification and coding‚ (3) transcription and (4) tabulation. EDITING The first step in processing of data is editing of complete schedules/questionnaires. Editing is a process of checking to detect and or correct errors and omissions. Editing is done at two stages: first at the fieldwork
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are the basic unit of life. A small membrane enclosed unit with a concentrated aqueous solution of chemicals. It’s endowed with the ability to copy itself. -Every living thing is composed of a colony of cells that began as a single cell. DNA> (transcription)>RNA> (translation)>Protein Visualization of Cells -1665 Robert Hooke (professional lens maker‚ scientist) He developed a primitive microscope‚ used it to observe cork. He sees a series of chambers. Actually what Hooke is seeing‚ is the cell
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retro gene? How did the researchers know this was a retro gene‚ rather than a simple duplication of the FGF4 gene? Retro genes are caused by reverse transcription of the mature messenger RNAs. Therefore‚ they contain no introns. Worth noting‚ the FGF4 gene is naturally duplicated through retro-transposition‚ which differs from reverse transcription in Retro genes. d. Was the FGF4 retro gene expressed in chondrodysplastic dogs? How did they tell it apart from normal FGF4 expression? Yes‚ the whole
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Curcumin has been found to be a potent inhibitor of tumour growth and cell proliferation. This activity is linked to curcumin’s antioxidant effect and free radical scavenging effect (Akram et al‚ 2010). It inhibits cancer development and progression‚ thereby targeting multiple steps to malignancy. It has the ability to act like a blocking agent thereby inhibiting the initiation step of cancer by preventing the activation of carcinogen‚ and also as a suppressing agent thereby inhibiting malignant
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Personal Statement My decision to pursue my graduate studies in the United States stems from my desire to build up a successful career in research in biomedical sciences. Earning a Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences with a concentration in Pharmacology and Toxicology from the University of Oklahoma will definitely be a crucial step in fulfilling my dream. I am currently pursuing Master of Science in Chemistry at Lamar University‚ Beaumont‚ Texas. I earned my undergraduate degree in pharmacy from Jahangirnagar
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Most people think of organs like the heart‚ kidney‚ lung‚ and liver when they think of transplants‚ but skin grafting is just as common in the medical field. Skin grafting is the transplantation of skin to another part of the body. Skin harvesting and transplantation techniques began nearly 3000 years ago with the Hindu Tilemaker Caste‚ where they used skin grafting to rebuild noses that were cut off from judicial punishment (Grande & Mezebish‚ 2008). In the mid 1900s‚ rodents were used to study
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