gKit 32. TWO STAGE FM TRANSMITTER This Kit is a powerful two stage‚ 9V FM transmitter (Tx) with a range of up to 1 kilometer in the open. It uses an RF transistor in its output stage. Distance of transmission is critically dependent on the operating Conditions (in a building or out on the open)‚ type of aerial used (single wire or dipole)‚ operating voltage (12V is better than 6V) and if the circuit is peaked for maximum performance. The kit is constructed on a single-sided printed circuit board
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1. Introduction This is the first in a series of articles on using Forth to interact with the real world. We will explore how to control motors of various types (such as servomotors and stepper motors)‚ switch power to devices‚ and sense the environment. Each article will present a project that can be used to demonstrate the ideas we are going to discuss. In this first article‚ I want to lay the foundation for the future columns and discuss the use of the PC parallel port to control stepper
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The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. A generation refers to the state of improvement in the product development process. This term is also used in the different advancements of new computer technology. With each new generation‚ the circuitry has gotten smaller and more advanced than the previous generation before it. As a result of the miniaturization‚ speed‚ power‚ and computer memory has proportionally increased
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Aim: The aim of this project is to design a 3-bit even parity generator that can detect a one-bit error in a message and draw the CMOS layout in L-Edit‚ which can then be simulated using PSPICE. Abstract: An even parity bit generator generates an output of 0 if the number of 1’s in the input sequence is even and 1 if the number of 1’s in the input sequence is odd. The checker circuit gives an output of 0 if there is no error in the parity bit generated. Thus it basically checks to see if the parity
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paper covers the case study where there is only one sole remaining supplier in a particular industry. The particular case deals with a sole supplier of resistors used in pacemakers. The case study involving the sole remaining supplier on transistors a key input component on a pacemaker is where problems arise. The first case of utilitarianism is brought up when the debate is started at a board meeting. During its infancy stage as a product it was noted the number of lives a pacemaker was
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Module 1 Power Semiconductor Devices Version 2 EE IIT‚ Kharagpur 1 Lesson 7 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) Version 2 EE IIT‚ Kharagpur 2 Constructional features‚ operating principle and characteristics of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) 7.1 Introduction The introduction of Power MOSFET was originally regarded as a major threat to the power bipolar transistor. However‚ initial claims of infinite current gain for the power MOSFETs were diluted by the need to design
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amplifier is one of three basic single-stage bipolar-junction-transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies‚ typically used as a voltage amplifier. In this circuit the base terminal of the transistor serves as the input‚ the collector is the output‚ and the emitter is common to both. The input signal to a CE amplifier is applied across the base-emitter junction of the device. The output from this circuit is taken from the collector terminal of the transistor. Since the emitter is connected to the ground‚ it is common
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Lecture Notes for Analog Electronics Raymond E. Frey Physics Department University of Oregon Eugene‚ OR 97403‚ USA rayfrey@cosmic.uoregon.edu December‚ 1999 Class Notes 1 1 Basic Principles In electromagnetism‚ voltage is a unit of either electrical potential or EMF. In electronics‚ including the text‚ the term “voltage” refers to the physical quantity of either potential or EMF. Note that we will use SI units‚ as does the text. As usual‚ the sign convention for current I
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My company supplies the pacemakers with transistors that they use to build heart pacemakers. The pacemaker technology is in its infancy and the maker is having different type of problems which resulted in many incidents. The incidents were caused by doctors that don’t know how to install the pacemaker because they lack the appropriate training. Also‚ the Quality assurance phase is very weak at the production level because the engineers are not testing the hardware rigorously. As a result‚ my company
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INTRODUCTION For years‚ infrared LED has been merely a system for piping light around corners and into the inaccessible places to allow the hidden to be lighted. But now‚ infrared LED has evolved into a system of significantly greater importance and use. Throughout the world‚ it is now being used to transmit voice‚ television and data signals as light waves. Its advantages as compared with conventional coaxial cable or twisted wire pairs are manifold. As a result‚ millions of dollars are being spent
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