and supplying - IDp(sat) to charge up the gate and parasitic capacitances → tPHL is the time measured from the voltage on the rising input waveform to the same voltage on thefalling input waveform. → VIN switches instantly from low to high. Driver transistor (n-channel) immediately switches from cutoff to saturation; the p-channel pull-up switches from triode to cutoff. → TP (propagation delay) = ( tPLH+ tPHL)/2 Output Rise Time (tPHL) and Output Fall Time (tPLH) VOLTAGE TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC
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Short Notes On Atomic Structure * Atom is the smallest particle of an element- All 117 elements has atoms * Bohr model: - Planetary model (see Figure 1 below) 1. Sun (proton & neutron= nucleus) 2. Planets (electrons) 3. Orbit (shell) Figure 1: Bohr model * Each type of atoms has a certain number of electrons and protons that differentiate it from the atoms of other elements Example: 1 proton 1 electron= Hydrogen (1 type elements) 2
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on/off any ap pliance‚ you just have to clap twice. The cir-cuit changes its output state only when you clap twice within the set time period. Here‚ you’ve to clap within 3 seconds. The clap sound sensed by condenser microphone is amplified by transistor T1. The amplified signal provides negative pulse depending on the selected values of R7 and C3. This ‘on’ time (T) of IC1 can be calculated using the following relationship: T=1.1R7.C3 seconds where R7 is in ohms and C3 in microfarads.
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ACCESS COMPUTER COLLEGE Basic knowledge on Computer System and Digital Electronics (Research Paper for Digital Electronics/Computer System & Org) Jannelle Stephanie S. Chua CSCA22 Engr. Christopher Jay Apalin Computer Science Table of Contents TITLE PAGE I. Title page _________________________________________ 1 II. Table of Content ___________________________________ 2 III. Abstract __________________________________________ 3 – 4 IV. Introduction
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when performing the same operations. The RISC processors of 1980s were very simple from the ones available currently available in the market. These processors only consisted of thousands of transistors and had a typical instruction set of 32 instructions. However‚ as the time passed the number of transistors on the CPU also increased along with the instruction set. Earlier‚ the register size within the processor was also limited to 8-bit; however‚ as the technology evolved‚ the size of the registers
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THE ORIGIN OF SONY Founded by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita in 1958‚ the Sony Corporation has come a long way since its first transistor radios. Being innovative thinkers‚ the founders realized a need for a global brand with mass appeal. Hence‚ as the company grew‚ it was simply logical to establish production facilities in their respective regions. Since its inception‚ very few have been able to match Sony ’s track record for invention and innovation. These include the first Trinitron color television
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It gives us great pleasure when a certain task is accomplished with great zeal and enthusiasm. We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks and deep sense of gratitude to all those who helped us in completing this project. First and foremost‚ we feel greatly indebted to Mr. D. M. SINGH and Mr. UBAID AHMAD KHAN‚ from the core of our heart for their constant support and valuable guidance time to time‚ because they encouraged and
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15:46:29 *** Written on Thu Aug 22‚ 2013 15:46:32 by Electric VLSI Design System‚ *version 9.04 *** Layout tech: mocmos‚ foundry MOSIS *** UC SPICE *** ‚ MIN_RESIST 4.0‚ MIN_CAPAC 0.1FF .global gnd *** WARNING: no power connection for P-transistor wells in cell *’pmos271{sch}’ *** TOP LEVEL CELL: pmos271{sch} Mpmos-4@1 net@19 net@7 gnd gnd PMOS L=2U W=2U VDS gnd net@19 DC 0V AC 0V 0 VGC gnd net@7 DC 0V AC 0V 0 * Spice Code nodes in cell cell ’pmos271{sch}’ .include D:\ADVD\mos_models
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Wind Energy System based on Buck-boost Controller Abstract – In this edge most of the countries are facing energy related problem therefore researchers are now try to find such a system which should not create any environment issues. In nature there is various non-conventional resources use for the generation of electricity such as water‚ sunlight‚ geothermal energy. But there is disadvantage of solar energy is that we can’t generate power using solar energy in rainy season and in night time
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Reverse Engineering A brilliant method of taking an object apart and disassembling all of its mechanical components and analyze every bit of detail‚ enough to recreate a duplicate without fully understanding the original. Reverse engineering is used for many reasons‚ for example; a military obtains an enemy tank that is in good enough condition to be operated‚ they can have their engineers take the machinery apart and gain the knowledge on how to duplicate the same class tank without having to
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