luster-painted ceramics were imitated by Italian potters during the Renaissance. Manuscript illumination developed into an important and greatly respected art‚ and portrait miniature painting flourished in Persia. Calligraphy‚ an essential aspect of written Arabic‚ developed in manuscripts and architectural decoration. This paper will examine the Islamic literature‚ music and philosophers. The most well known work of fiction from the Islamic world was The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights)
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SYLLABUS Cambridge O Level Bengali French Nepali Sinhala Swahili Tamil 3204 3015 3202 3205 3162 3206 For examination in June 2014 Arabic German Setswana Spanish 3180 3025 3158 3035 For examination in November 2014 University of Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However‚ we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that
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Biography Name While there is a tendency to misspell his name as "Aryabhatta" by analogy with other names having the "bhatta" suffix‚ his name is properly spelled Aryabhata: every astronomical text spells his name thus‚[1] including Brahmagupta’s references to him "in more than a hundred places by name".[2] Furthermore‚ in most instances "Aryabhatta" does not fit the metre either.[1] [edit] Birth Aryabhata mentions in the Aryabhatiya that it was composed 3‚600 years into the Kali Yuga‚ when
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the true interests of all. Etymology [edit] From the Latin pax‚ meaning "freedom from civil disorder‚" the English word came into use in various personal greetings from c.1300 as a translation of the Hebrew shalom. Such a translation is‚ however‚ imprecise‚ as shalom‚ which is also cognate with the Arabic "salaam"‚ has multiple other meanings in addition to peace‚ including justice‚ good health‚ safety‚ well-being‚ prosperity‚ equity‚ security‚ good fortune‚ and friendliness.[citation needed]
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One Nights‚ or just the Nights) is a mythical beast. There are far more than a thousand and one nights‚ for the thirty-four-and-a-half stories in the fourteenth or fifteenth century “core” body of the Nights were soon supplemented by other tales in Arabic and Persian‚ from the culture of medieval Baghdad and Cairo‚ and then in Hindi and Urdu and Turkish‚ tales carried by pilgrims and crusaders‚ merchants and raiders‚ back and forth by land and sea. And then came the narratives added by European translators
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Federico FBK-irst Via Sommarive‚ 18 38123 Povo-Trento‚ Italy .@nict.go.jp {bentivo‚federico}@fbk.eu Abstract This paper investigates the feasibility of using crowd-sourcing services for the human assessment of machine translation quality of translations into non-English target languages. Non-expert graders are hired through the CrowdFlower interface to Amazon’s Mechanical Turk in order to carry out a ranking-based MT evaluation of utterances taken from the travel conversation domain
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Footwear International – Case Study R. William Blake John Carlson frowned as he studied the translation of the front-page story from the afternoon ’s edition of the Meillat‚ a fundamentalist newspaper with close ties to an opposition political party. The story‚ titled "Footwear ’s Unpardonable Audacity‚" suggested that the company was knowingly insulting Islam by including the name of Allah in a design used on the insoles of sandals it was manufacturing. To compound the problem‚ the paper had
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A Gift of Ghazals* W Agha Shahid Ali starts to write a poem‚ he chooses between two entirely different approaches. At times‚ he selects a pattern-breaking individualism that roams among prose-like lines‚ elliptical epigrams and quotations; at others‚ he cleaves hard to tradition by taking up archaic and technically demanding forms such as the villanelle‚ sestina‚ canzone and the like. Then‚ as if to repudiate all such polarities‚ he may also plunge into a ghazal‚ an Eastern
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assesses the effectiveness of these approaches on student in translation program as well. One contention is that while behaviorist-inspired structuralist methodologies are best applicable at the beginning levels‚ transformationalist/cognitivist approach contributes tried methodologies to enhance the learners’ written and spoken skills in advanced stages. Advances in translation can be achieved through a study of the process of translation with an emphasis on a deductive rather than an inductive approach
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UNIT 5 Unknown Language Journal: Arabic Contents 1 Lesson Objectives (Functional‚ Grammatical & Lexical) Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 2 Teaching Methods and Techniques Class Management Interactive Patterns & Activities Use of Materials 3 Contrastive Analysis 4 Summary Lesson Objectives: (3 lessons – 90 mins.) Lesson 1 The aim of this first class was to provide a very general introduction to the Arabic language‚ how it is written‚ how it is pronounced‚ and
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