rocess-to-process message delivery e Route sele ection Defines fra ames Provides user services s u such as e-mai and file tran il nsfer Transmission of bit stre across ph eam hysical mediu um wer wing multiple c choice questions: b. Answ the follow i. The _____ is the phy ___ ysical path over which a me essage travels s. A. Protocol B. Medium P ii. iii. iv. h rk) (Each carries 1 mar C. Signal D. All Which of the OSI layers is represent by frames? t
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are the two main protocols that the internet uses. A protocol is a rule that governs how data moves through the internet and how network connections are established and terminated. TCP/IP‚ as it is commonly called addresses separate issues that allow the use of the internet. They complement each other. TCP is in control of accurate delivery of a message. How does this happen? First it controls the disassembly of the message or file
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Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Manitoba 75A Chancellor’s Circle Winnipeg MB R3T 5V6 Canada ekram@ee.umanitoba.ca ISBN: 978-0-387-71759-3 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71760-9 e-ISBN: 978-0-387-71760-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008928147 c 2009 Springer Science+Business Media‚ LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media‚ LLC‚ 233 Spring Street
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Solutions to Chapter 5 1. Explain the difference between connectionless unacknowledged service and connectionless acknowledged service. How do the protocols that provide these services differ? Solution: In an acknowledged connectionless network‚ reliable delivery can be achieved through the use of ACK and NAK transmissions. Such protocols are suited for communication over networks in which higher layers are sensitive to loss and the underlying network is inherently unreliable with a significant
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AUTHOR-Rameshwar Prasad Srivastava MS ( Cyber Law & Information Security) Indian Institute of Information Technology ‚Allahabad The address of a computer on the Internet is commonly referred to as the IP Address (Internet Protocol). It ’s a 32 bit (4 bytes) number normally written as follows: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Since a byte can represent any number from zero to 255‚ the least and the maximum IP address possible are: 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 Understanding IP Addresses
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interface‚ Protocols‚ Localization and calling‚ Handover‚ Security‚ and New data services. UNIT - II (Wireless) Medium Access Control : Motivation for a specialized MAC (Hidden and exposed terminals‚ Near and far terminals)‚ SDMA‚ FDMA‚ TDMA‚ CDMA. UNIT - III Mobile Network Layer : Mobile IP (Goals‚ assumptions‚ entities and terminology‚ IP packet delivery‚ agent advertisement and discovery‚ registration‚ tunneling and encapsulation‚ optimizations)‚ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). UNIT
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Understanding Congestion and SCTP Multihoming with Cisco ITP and Mobile Vendor MSC Troubleshooting Guide July 20‚ 2009 Troubleshooting Guide Contents 1. Congestion Problem Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Congestion Problem ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Congestion
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must include answers to the following: o On which layers of the OSI model do WAN protocols operate? o What are some of these protocols? o On which OSI layers do switches and routers operate? o If routers reside at more than one layer‚ what is the difference between the OSI layers? When one looks at the seven layers of the OSI model‚ one can determine that layer three is where the WAN protocols operate on. Layer three is known as the Network Layer. The Network Layer performs
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Interconnection (OSI) model that frames upper-layer data and controls how data is placed on a medium | c. Media | b. A device on a network | d. Network | e. The physical means used to carry data signals | e. Data Link | c. The protocol data unit (PDU) used in Layer 2 of the OSI model | Concept Questions 1. What are the two main jobs of the data link layer? * Allows the upper layers to access the media using techniques such as framing. * Controls how data is placed onto the media and is received from
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INTRODUCTION For three decades‚ satellite communications have been used for public switched telephone network (PSTN) and video broadcasting applications. However‚ with daily technology advancements made in society and the requirement for global data connectivity‚ satellites are increasingly being used to provide data communication links at all data rates ranging from 64 Kbps to 155 Mbps (Buchsbaum). Wireless technology allows data to be sent out into space to a satellite and back to earth to provide
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