CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Utility as defined by the oxford advanced learners dictionary is a service provided for the public. It is a service used by everyone. Utility services covers a wide range of activity including electricity‚ water‚ transportation and Telecommunication. These services impact greatly on a country’s economic growth and the living standards of the people. They affect the ability of the local industries to produce products that can compete
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holding companies‚ Pacific Gas and Electric Company or better known as PG&E. PG&E’s is the primary subsidiary for the corporation that provides customers with utility services and other energy generated services along with electricity‚ natural gas transmission‚ and the distribution of electricity. The primary area of operation of the company is the United States with its headquarters in San Francisco‚ California (Wynne‚ PG&E: Yield‚ Growth and Safety) Leadership https://www.pge.com/en/about/newsroom/newsdetails/index
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through the transmission network which is governed by the differential and algebraic equations of the apparatus and interconnects. This aspect is referred to as the system behaviour. This system has to be protected from abnormalities which is the task of protection system. 1.2 Why do we need Protection? Electrical power system operates at various voltage levels from 415 V to 400 kV or even more. Electrical apparatus used may be enclosed (e.g. motors) or placed in open (e.g. transmission lines).
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industrial customers. They provide a broad range of products‚ systems‚ solutions and services which are designed to improve power grid reliability‚ increase industrial productivity and enhance energy efficiency. Their power businesses focus on power transmission‚ distribution and power plant automation. Their automation businesses serve a full range of industries with measurement‚ control‚ protection and process optimization applications. Industry and Business Details ABB’s business is comprised of
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Introduction Emerging infectious diseases have been increasing incidence and are a key threat to wildlife and human health. Influenza is one of the most common diseases‚ causing millions of severe illnesses and huge number of deaths per years. Recent concerns were focused on H5N1 avian influenza virus that was first isolated in a domestic goose in China in 1997 due to its high case of death rate (Lucchetti‚ Roy & Martchvae‚ 2008). Influenza viruses are single-stranded RNA viruses of which 3 types
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Interpret market trends and developments BSBMKG507A The draft report: Draft report for Millenium Hollywood project unveiled Millenium Partners and Argent Ventures have launched a new Web site releasing a draft environmental impact report on Millenium Hollywood‚ a mixed use project planned next to the historic Capitol Records Tower in Hollywood. The proposed project‚ initially announced a year and a half ago‚ encompasses more than 1 million square feet of space on 4.47 acres split between sites
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Corona lectric power can be transmitted or dis tributed either by means of underground cables or by overhead lines. The underground* cables are rarely used for power transmission due to two main reasons. Firstly‚ power is generally transmitted over long distances to load centres. Obviously‚ the installation costs for underground transmission will be very heavy. Secondly‚ electric power has to be transmitted at high voltages for economic reasons. It is very difficult to provide proper insulation† to the
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ENGINEERING Series Editor H. Lee Willis KEMA T&D Consulting Raleigh‚ North Carolina Advisory Editor Muhammad H. Rashid University of West Florida Pensacola‚ Florida 1. Power Distribution Planning Reference Book‚ H. Lee Willis 2. Transmission Network Protection: Theory and Practice‚ Y. G. Paithankar 3. Electrical Insulation in Power Systems‚ N. H. Malik‚ A. A. Al-Arainy‚ and M. I. Qureshi 4. Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing‚ Paul Gill 5. Protective Relaying:
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region occupies the entire Texas Interconnection‚ which occupies nearly all of the state of Texas and caters to 85 % of Texas load & nearly 23 million customers. Unlike the other major NERC interconnections‚ the 40‚530 circuit miles of high voltage transmission and energy market within the Texas Interconnection is operated by ERCOT as essentially a single power system instead of as a network of cooperating utility companies. It has more than 550 generating units which provide more than 74‚000 megawatts
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simple in operation which is HVDC transmission. The HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) technology is used to transmit electricity over long distances by overhead transmission lines or submarine cables. It is also used to interconnect separate power systems. A further development in this technology is HVDC light where HVDC light converters are used for faster and efficient conversion of power. HVDC Light is a fundamentally new power transmission technology developed recently. It
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