LORAN and SHORAN • LORAN (LOng RAnge Navigation) - is a terrestrial radio navigation system using low frequency radio transmitters in multiple deployment (multilateration) to determine the location and speed of the receiver. - The most recent version of LORAN in use is LORAN-C‚ which operates in the low frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from 90 to 110 Kilohertz. ♦ History -LORAN was an American development‚ advancing the technology of the British GEE radio navigation
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principle of Doppler Effect. Doppler Effect is the frequency shift between the transmitted and the received signal observed when source is transmitting an electromagnetic wave moving relative to an observer. The difference in the frequency between transmitter and the receiver is known as Doppler shift or the Doppler frequency. The transmitted and received signals can be represented as ET = A sin 2πft (12.25) ER = B sin [2πft – φ] (12.21) Where
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a signal can be transmitted depends on the transmitter power. The gain of 9.5358dB is another factor of signal transmission. If you are using an outdoor wireless link‚ you can expect your coverage to double for every increase of 6dB. If you are indoors‚ this will be different because of the propagation factors‚ but an estimate would be a doubled coverage area for every 9dB increased. The path loss also depends on the antenna gain of the transmitter‚ how far apart they are and if there are any
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The system uses dot matrix LED panels to construct a horizontal display module in which any kind of messages can be displayed and scrolled. The message to be displayed can be send wirelessly from a remote computer with the help of wireless RF transmitter and receiver. This system is also equipped with the RFID technology for institutional applications in which any student can be logged in using his unique ID to view his academic status like percentage of attendance‚ exam results sectional marks
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System‚ LabVIEW‚ GSM‚ Infrared. II. HARDWARE Infrared transmitter-receiver has been used to detect the obstruction in infrared beam. Transmitter is placed at one end and receiver is placed at a distance (according to its range) exactly in the line of sight of transmitter at the other end. The basic component of transmitter is LM555 which generates the desired frequency to be transmitted to receiver. I. INTRODUCTION A. Transmitter One of the biggest demerits of the development in the field
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Real world Applications of Electronics This chapter introduces some of the real world applications of Electronics; 1. Audio Systems 2. Radio Transmission & Reception 3. Control Systems 1. AUDIO SYSTEMS: Any system operating at audio frequencies (20 to 20‚000 Hz) is called an Audio System‚ e.g. an intercom‚ music systems etc. Following diagram (fig.1.1) shows the main features of such an audio system; FIGURE 1.1: Main blocks of an audio system 1.1 Radio tuner: It receives radio signals and converts
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advanced features and benefits of military radar‚ system configuration of a typical military radar‚ operating the radar‚ system functions‚ various terminal equipments used along with their functions and some of the important parts of the radar such as transmitter‚ receiver‚ antenna‚ AFC (Automatic Frequency Control) etc. MILITARY RADARS INTRODUCTION Military radar should be an early warning‚ altering along with weapon control functions. It is specially designed to be highly mobile and should be such that
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interest‚ mood and capabilities of the receiver to concentrate on the message being transferred by the transmitter. This has as a result not to be captured or captured incorrectly part of the message and thus altering its meaning. Many times when the speaker make an effort to transfer a message‚ the listener does or thinks other things‚ daydreams‚ prepares its own answer - message to the transmitter‚ talks or deals with anything other than the endeavor to capture‚ process and properly interpret the
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was “equal” and by Harrison’s fearlessness in challenging the laws and his desire to be free. In Harrison Bergeron‚ many similes are used to describe the sounds that block George from thinking too much. When Hazel‚ George’s wife‚ asked what the transmitter had sounded like‚ he responded‚ “sounded like somebody hitting a milk bottle with a ball peen hammer.” At times when George remembers his son‚ Harrison‚ sounds “like a twenty-one-gun salute in his head‚” will interrupt his train of thought. These
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........................................................................................................ 4 5. OFDM IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................................................... 5 5.1 Transmitter ............................................................................................................................... 5 5.1.2 OFDM
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