Laser Based Communication System. Introduction:- An optical communication system for inter and intra building communications can be built using the following three basic component. A light emitting element. 1. A light emitting element‚ which could be a laser diode or light emitting diode. 2. Transmission media such as optical fiber cable or free space. 3. A light receiving element‚ which could employ avalanche photo-diode‚ PIN photo-diode or any other light sensors like LDR. Since the
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communication in which intelligence is transmitted without wires from one point to another by means of electromagnetic waves. Early forms of communication over great distances were the telephone and the telegraph. They required wires between the sender and receiver. Radio‚ on the other hand‚ requires no such physical connection. It relies on the radiation of energy from a transmitting antenna in the form of radio waves. These radio waves‚ traveling at the speed of light (300‚000 km/sec; 186‚000 mi/sec)‚ carry
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Prep Minglebox.com Communication systems Electronic communication refers to the faithful transfer of informationor message (available in the form of electrical voltage and current)from one point to another point. Transmitter‚ transmission channel and receiver are three basic unitsof a communication system. 2 Minglebox Engineering Prep Minglebox.com Transducer: Any device that converts one form ofenergy into another can be termed as a transducer. Signal: Information converted
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of Doppler Effect. Doppler Effect is the frequency shift between the transmitted and the received signal observed when source is transmitting an electromagnetic wave moving relative to an observer. The difference in the frequency between transmitter and the receiver is known as Doppler shift or the Doppler frequency. The transmitted and received signals can be represented as ET = A sin 2πft (12.25) ER = B sin [2πft – φ] (12.21) Where A and B
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manipulating the OFDM symbols in the time domain so that the computational complexity of the system can be significantly reduced. We discuss the design principles of PC-OFDM transmitter that uses upsampling operation and the spreading codes to introduce frequency diversity. We also describe the design of low-complexity receiver for PC-OFDM systems. SVM detector is used for high performance. Keywords— Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‚ precoding‚ post-coding‚ spreading codes‚ frequency
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distances at higher bandwidths than other communications. A fiber optic communication system consists of three components: an optical transmitter‚ a fiber optic cable‚ and an optical receiver. The optical transmitter converts electrical signal to optical signal; the fiber cable carries the optical signal from the transmitter to the receiver; and the optical receiver converts the optical signal to electrical signal. Most optical fibers are made of silica or sand‚ raw material abundant compared with
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spacetime coding strategies that achieve the benefits of MIMO communication [4]‚ [5]. However‚ thus far there has been little work on one of the most important aspects of MIMO communication systems – the antennas that are used at both the transmitter and receiver. The
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space-time codes‚ including space-time low-density parity-check codes and spacetime turbo codes‚ and we investigate receiver approaches‚ including multichannel multiuser detection (MCMUD). The ‘multichannel’ term indicates that the receiver incorporates multiple antennas by using space-time-frequency adaptive processing. The article reports the experimental performance of these codes and receivers. M - multiple-output (MIMO) systems are a natural extension of developments in antenna array
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System‚ LabVIEW‚ GSM‚ Infrared. II. HARDWARE Infrared transmitter-receiver has been used to detect the obstruction in infrared beam. Transmitter is placed at one end and receiver is placed at a distance (according to its range) exactly in the line of sight of transmitter at the other end. The basic component of transmitter is LM555 which generates the desired frequency to be transmitted to receiver. I. INTRODUCTION A. Transmitter One of the biggest demerits of the development in the field
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system uses dot matrix LED panels to construct a horizontal display module in which any kind of messages can be displayed and scrolled. The message to be displayed can be send wirelessly from a remote computer with the help of wireless RF transmitter and receiver. This system is also equipped with the RFID technology for institutional applications in which any student can be logged in using his unique ID to view his academic status like percentage of attendance‚ exam results sectional marks etc. for
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