a signal can be transmitted depends on the transmitter power. The gain of 9.5358dB is another factor of signal transmission. If you are using an outdoor wireless link‚ you can expect your coverage to double for every increase of 6dB. If you are indoors‚ this will be different because of the propagation factors‚ but an estimate would be a doubled coverage area for every 9dB increased. The path loss also depends on the antenna gain of the transmitter‚ how far apart they are and if there are any
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caused by path loss of signal as a function of distance and shadowing by large objects such as buildings‚ intervening terrains‚ and vegetation. Shadowing is a slow fading process characterized by variation of median path loss between the transmitter and receiver in fixed locations. In other words‚ large-scale fading is characterized by average path loss and shadowing. On the other hand‚ small-scale fading refers to rapid variation of signal levels due to the constructive and destructive interference
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are important in every communication process and clarify there roles. These elements are : The information source: The first element is the source ‚ it is the sender who have an idea or purpose for involving in the communication process. The transmitter: Each idea needs to be translated and then sent throw a signal that carries the message to deliver it to the destination. The signal: The signal carries the encoded message to the other person at the end of the line (destination). The message:
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Construction of Gate Remote Control A remote control is a component of an electronics device‚ most commonly a TV‚ Car door‚ and Gate originally used for operating the device wirelessly from a short distance. Remote control has continually evolved and advanced over recent years to include Bluetooth connectivity‚ motion sensor enabled capabilities‚ internet and voice control. Commonly‚ remote controls are Consumer IR devices used to issue commands from a distance to televisions or other consumer
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Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld DVB-H Contents 1. Introduction 4 1.1. Motivation for DVB-H 4 1.2. Technologies before DVB-H 4 1.2.1. Digital Multimedia Broadcast (DMB) 4 1.2.2. Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB) 5 1.2.3. Media FLO 5 1.3. DVB Technologies 5 1.3.1. DVB-SH 5 1.3.2. DVB-IPDC 6 1.3.3. DVB-T 7 1.3.4. DVB-H 7 1.4. DVB-H vs. mobile streaming 3G 8 1.5. Benefits of DVB-H 9 1.6. Business Model 10 1.6.1. New markets
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communication is the lack of interest‚ mood and capabilities of the receiver to concentrate on the message being transferred by the transmitter. This has as a result not to be captured or captured incorrectly part of the message and thus altering its meaning. Many times when the speaker make an effort to transfer a message‚ the listener does or thinks other things‚ daydreams‚ prepares its own answer - message to the transmitter‚ talks or deals with anything other than the endeavor to capture‚ process
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widely accepted as one of the main seeds out of which communication studies have grown. The Shannon-Weaver Model (1947) proposes that all communication must include six elements: • a source • an encoder • a message • a channel • a decoder • a receiver These six elements are shown graphically in the model The emphasis here is very much on the transmission and reception of information. ’Information’ is understood rather differently from the way you and I would normally use the term‚ as well. This
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Universal Clock and Word Generator . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 The Universal Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 The Word Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 FSK System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1 FSK Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2 FSK Receiver . . . . . . . .
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Radiation pattern From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search Antenna radiation patterns In the field of antenna design the term ’radiation pattern ’ most commonly refers to the directional (angular) dependence of radiation from the antenna or other source (synonyms: antenna pattern‚ far-field pattern).[1][2][3] Particularly in the fields of fiber optics‚ lasers‚ and integrated optics‚ the term radiation pattern‚ or near-field radiation pattern‚ may also be used as
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Abstract: VLSI based Accident information and car security system deals with the concern of saving the victim ‚ who get trapped in accident and also about the car security. Accident of the car is detected using pressor sensors which are fixed in car. Accident information to the nearest hospital is carried out with the help of RF communication. The location of the car is found using the GPS technique. The security of car is ensured by using password. The theft information is sent to the owner’s mobile
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