serial-to-parallel conversion. The two streams become the channel 1 and channel 2 messages of Figure 1. Because of the halved rate the bits in the I and Q paths are stretched to twice the input sequence bit clock period. The two messages are recombined at the receiver‚ which uses a QAM-type demodulator. The two bit streams would typically be band limited and/or pulse shaped before reaching the modulator. A block diagram of such a system is shown in Figure 2 below. QAM becomes QPSK: The QAM modulator is so named
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RedTacton is a new technology that is completely different from wireless and infrared. A transmission path is formed at the moment‚ when a part of the human body is get contact with a RedTacton transceiver. On separating the ends‚ the contact between the receiver and body‚ ends the communication. Human Area Networking technology that uses the surface of the human body as a safe‚ high speed network transmission path. This technology uses the minute electric field which is emitted on the surface of the human
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MICROWAVE RADIO SYSTEMS GAIN System Gain * Gs is the difference between the nominal output power of a transmitter (Pt) and the minimum input power to a receiver (Cmin) necessary to achieve satisfactory performance; * Must be greater than or equal to the sum of all gains and losses incurred by a signal as it propagates from a transmitter to a receiver * In essence‚ system gain represents the net loss of a radio system‚ which is used to predict the reliability of a system for a given
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processor‚ and a transmitter. The microphone looks like a behind-the-ear hearing aid. It picks up sounds—just like a hearing aid microphone does—and sends them to the speech processor. The speech processor may be housed with the microphone behind the ear‚ or it may be a small box-like unit typically worn in a chest pocket. The speech processor is a computer that analyzes and digitizes the sound signals and sends them to a transmitter worn on the head just behind the ear. The transmitter sends the coded
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re-collecting a spread signal spreads out the interfering signal‚ causing it to recede into the background. Spread-spectrum signals are difficult to intercept. A spread-spectrum signal may simply appear as an increase in the background noise to a narrowband receiver. An eavesdropper may have difficulty intercepting a transmission in real time if the pseudorandom sequence is not known. Spread-spectrum transmissions can share a frequency band with many types of conventional transmissions with minimal interference
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(ISLs). The usual parameters that system designers want to optimize drive the desire to utilize optical communications onboard a satellite: size‚ weight and power and of course‚ cost. FSO system uses a laser beam as a wireless connectivity between transmitter
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XTAL X1 S1 S2 - 0.2µF ceramic disk - 33pF ceramic disk - 10µF‚ 16V electrolytic - 470µF‚ 25V electrolytic - 0.1µF ceramic disk - 12MHz crystal - 230V primary to 7.5V‚ 250mA secondary transformer - Push-to-on switch - On/off switch Fig. 1: Transmitter-receiver set-up at the entrance-cum-exit of the passage Parts List the entry/exit point of a company but has a wide range of applications that provide information to management on the volume and flow of people throughout a location. A primary
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Intra-body Communication using Personal Area Network Abstract Intra-body communication is a "wireless" communication technique that enables electronic devices on or near the human body to exchange the information. For this the characteristics of the human body are studied. The human body acts as a signal transmission medium and it uses the dielectric properties of human tissues for data exchange which covers frequency range from 100 KHz to 150MHz. Transmitting data directly through the skin can
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AUTOMATIC RAILWAY SIGNAL A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by VAHALUWALA SUHEL R. SHETH HARSHIL R. PATEL KASHYAP A. TANDEL JAY S. TANDEL RAJ B. In fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Technical Education And Research Center‚ NAVSARI Gujarat Technological University‚ Ahmedabad May‚ 2012 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 2012 Certificate This is to certify that the dissertation entitled
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project‚ a laser pointer is used to transmit analog signal wirelessly. In order to realize digital transmission‚ the analog signal must be converted into digital form using a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) encoder. Before the signal can be decoded at the receiver end‚ frame synchronization must be achieved. Hence‚ a training sequence must be
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