controller‚ generates a DTMF signal corresponding to each dialed digit which is converted to a BCD code by the Telephone interface circuit. This is given as input to the transmitter module which is then used to control various home appliances through a receiver module. Data processing stages of the transmitter and receiver modules have been implemented using digital components‚ thereby avoiding possible use of conventional devices like monostable multivibrators. Due to the fully digital nature
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somebody is at the gate. The circuit comprises a transmitter unit and a receiver unit‚ which are mounted face to face on the opposite Fig. 4: Mounting arrangement for transmitter and receiver units Fig. 1: 38kHz IR transmitter circuit Fig. 3: Pin configurations of TSOP1738 and UM66 Fig. 2: Receiver circuit pillars of the gate such that the IR beam gets interrupted when someone is standing at the gate or passing through it. The transmitter circuit (see Fig. 1) is built around timer NE555
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multiple transmitters and receivers to transfer more data at the same time. MIMO technology takes advantage of a radio-wave phenomenon called multipath where transmitted information bounces off walls‚ ceilings‚ and other objects‚ reaching the receiving antenna multiple times via different angles and at slightly different times. In radio‚ multiple-input and multiple-output‚ or MIMO (commonly pronounced my-moh or me-moh)‚ is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve
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using accident identification system using RF‚ by this we get the intimation very quickly and we save their lives by taking some correct decision. In transmitter section we are using H-Bridge‚ motors‚ vibration sensor‚ microcontroller‚ RF transmitter with RF encoder. In receiver section we are using RF receiver with decoder‚ microcontroller‚ LCD. How the identification will done is when the vehicle is moving‚ whenever the vehicle met an accident the vibration sensor which is attached
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persons (VIPs) the freedom to independently commute via public bus transportation. Through the use of BEACON transmitters placed on local buses‚ VIPs are able to safely catch buses with the aid of a portable handheld device and an audio and tactile interface. The wireless communication system between the transmitter and the portable receiver can be achieved through a number of current technologies. With more exotic approaches like Bluetooth still
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FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS 1.Introduction 2.Advantages of Fiber Optics 3.Optical Transmitters 4.The Optical Fiber 5.Losses in Optical Fiber 6.Optical Fiber Bandwidth 7.Fiber Optic Cable Construction 8.Other Types of Fibers 9.Optical Connectors 10.Optical Receivers 11.Designing a System 1.Introduction: our current "age of technology" is the result of many brilliant inventions and discoveries‚ but it is our ability to transmit information‚ and the media we use to do it‚ that is perhaps
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use LED’s or Laser for transmission data. Free Space Optics (FSO) technology is relatively simple. It’s built on a laser transmitter and a receiver to provide full duplex capability. Each FSO unit uses a high-power optical source‚ a lens that transmits light through the atmosphere to another lens receiving the information. The receiving lens connects to a high-sensitivity receiver via optical fiber. Because the transmission in occurred in air it is easily upgradable. FSO send a light beam from one
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[LASER BASED SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM] This Document contains Project Report of Autumn 2012 of Course CT-111. PROJECT REPORT LASER BASED SECURITY ALARM An Alarm is a type of security equipment that can be used to safeguard houses and property. Now a days Burglar Crimes are continually rising with each passing day. Many have lost homes and families through violent burglaries in many countries Some of them lost most precious things such as Jewelry‚ Vehicles‚ huge investments in banks etc..
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reasons. Assuming a receiver height of 2 m‚ and given a requirement that be less than 50 ‚ what are the minimum allowable values for the T-R separation distance and the height of the transmitter antenna? The carrier frequency is 900 MHz. 3. In the 2-ray path loss model with ?derive an appropriate expression far the location of the signal nulls at the receiver. 4 .Compare the received power for the exact expressions for the 2-ray ground reflection model. Assume the height of the transmitter is 40 m and the
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includes analysis‚ optimization‚ design and system level development of signal transformation between satellites or any two sources. Which work similarly to fiber optic links‚ except the beam is transmitted through free space. While the transmitter and receiver must require line-of-sight conditions‚ they have the benefit of eliminating the need for broadcast rights and buried cables. Laser communications systems can be easily deployed since they are inexpensive‚ small‚ low power and do not require
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