1 of 27 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 2 of 27 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Waste removal Several organs are important in removing waste from the body. The lungs remove carbon dioxide. The skin provides a surface for small amounts of water and salt to move out of the body. 3 of 27 The liver converts excess protein into urea. The kidneys remove unwanted substances such as urea‚ excess water and salt. © Boardworks Ltd 2009 What is urea? Excess amino acids in the body are broken down by the liver‚ producing
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e-mice Cloning Fact Sheet. (n.d.). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Retrieved February 8‚ 2013‚ from http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml Conger‚ C. (n.d.). HowStuffWorks "Could we clone our organs to be used in a transplant?".HowStuffWorks "Science". Retrieved February 8‚ 2013‚ from http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/cloned-organ-transplant.htm History of Cloning | Basic Science Partnership at Harvard Medical School. (n.d.). Basic Science Partnership. Retrieved February 8
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“cyclosporine”. This drug reduces the risk of organ rejections after transplant surgeries and has revolutionized these procedures. The immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporine was discovered on January 31‚ 1972 by employees of Sandoz in Basel‚ Switzerland‚ in a screening test on immune suppression designed and implemented by Hartmann F. Stahelin‚ M.D. The success of cyclosporine in preventing organ rejection was shown in kidney transplants and in liver transplants. Cyclosporine was approved for use in 1983
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is a ten year old girl who suffers from end-stage cystic fibrosis at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. The Doctors from the hospital declare that a lung transplant is the only chance of survival. (“CNN HEALTH‚” 2013). Rules prevent children of the age of Sarah from getting lungs from adults. Due to the fact of longstanding transplant policy‚ Sarah is only authorized for lungs from a child donor‚ although adult lungs which are far more available. Her parents choose to fight against this rule
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to the Texas Organ Sharing Alliance‚ there were 79‚466 patients on the U.S. National Waiting List as of January 1‚ 2002‚ with only 6‚148 donors in the country that year. In response to the organ shortage‚ scientists have made recent advances in transplant technology with the development of two new types of organ replacement: xenotransplantation and artificial organ replacement; the latter of the two types consists of either synthetic or natural materials. However‚ because xenotransplantation poses
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Unites States‚ though they do have to be accepted by a transplant center. The number of transplants for foreign nations are limited and closely monitored (donors1.org)." Infants are able to receive transplants. In 2011‚ 281 infants under the age of one received organ or tissue donations(www.kktv.com)." Recipients do not have to be just American. By donating you can help someone for foreign countries that come to America to get the transplant because it may not be able to get an organ or tissue
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........................................................ 10 5. Overcoming the immunological barriers to xenotransplantation. 5.1. Hyperacute rejection ….................................................................................. 11-12 5.2 Acute humoral xenograft rejection …............................................................ 13-14 6. Risk assessment – Possibility of porcine endogenous retrovirus crossing the
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Cloning With that being said‚ the following are the generally accepted benefits of cloning: • Easy replacement of internal organs and tissues for patients in need of transplants instead of waiting for suitable organ donors‚ alive or dead. Since the transplanted organ contains most of the recipient’s genes‚ there is a lesser chance for rejection as well. • Cloning can be a solution to the infertility issue among couples. Theoretically speaking‚ parents can choose the desirable qualities in their genes
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Is Xenotransplantation an ethical solution or disaster? The audience for this paper is comprised of those readers looking to gain knowledge on the issue of xenotransplantation. This group of people is unaware of the dynamics of the ethical arguments surrounding this current issue. This audience does not have a specific age or belief‚ reflecting the varied positions of the argument. Due to this hunger for factual information‚ they do not wish to have someone else ’s views imposed on them
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What Is Aggression Aggressive behaviour develop where an individual is being praised or rewarded for being forceful. Being praised or rewarded for such action‚ can be an encouragement and reinforcement to perform such behaviour in the future. According to (Cherry) aggression is the continuous‚ unacceptable behaviour that can cause physical and psychological harm to people in general‚ or objects in out surroundings. It is a behaviour that is self ascertained with hostility and harmful tones and
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