Why and to what extent do people make significant purchases from people with whom they have prior noncommercial relationships? Using data from the economic sociology module of the 1996 General Social Survey‚ we document high levels of within-network exchanges. We argue that transacting with social contacts is effective because it embeds commercial exchanges in a web of obligations and holds the seller ’s network hostage to appropriate role performance in the economic transaction. It follows
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WHY I WANT TO EXECUTE A TRAINING BOND In the first place we should understand the concept of a training bond‚ it is supposed to be an avenue for an employer to training employees under conditions where they pay a stipend whilst increasing their knowledge and skill of the job. The main reason for any training bond is that it stops the practice where the current employer pays for the training‚ and then as soon as you gain the qualification you jump to another better job with it‚ so the current one
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ranging from individual identities to collective identities of groups‚ to stigmatized identities. One way we identify is through social aspects of our lives‚ this is called social identity. Social identity is defined as the part of a person’s self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation‚ religious or political group‚ occupation‚ or other social affiliation (Arsonson‚ Wilson‚ Akert‚ & Sommers‚ 2013). How a person identifies can impact different areas of psychological
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Chemical Bonds Chemical Bond: is the force that holds atoms together in a compound. They form because they lower the potential energy of the charged particles that compose atoms. Chemical bonds can be broadly classified into two types: Ionic and Covalent. Ionic: metal & nonmetal Metals have a tendency to lose electrons and nonmetals have a tendency to gain them. The metal atom becomes a cation and a nonmetal becomes an anion. The oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an ionic
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CHAPTER 4 BONDS ANND THEIR VALUATION Bond value--semiannual payment 1. You intend to purchase a 10-year‚ $1‚000 face value bond that pays interest of $60 every 6 months. If your nominal annual required rate of return is 10 percent with semiannual compounding‚ how much should you be willing to pay for this bond? N = 20 I/Y = 5 PV = -1124.62 PMT = 60 FV = 1000 Bond value--semiannual payment 2. Assume that you wish to purchase a 20-year bond that has a maturity value of $1‚000 and makes semiannual
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Convertible Bonds A convertible bond is a bond that can be converted into shares of common stock. Therefore‚ these are two sources of value for this security: the value of the bond components‚ and the value from possibly converting the security into shares of common stock. Features of a Convertible Bond The basic features of a convertible bond can be illustrated by a hypothetical example. On November 1‚ 2003 ("today")‚ Apple‚ had $400 million in 8.80 percent (annual payments) convertible bonds due in
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Bond SpreadsheetPhase 3 Discussion BoardCheryl PonderColorado Technical University OnlineIntroduction to Corporate FinanceProfessor Richard FendlerFINC 390 – 1204B – 08 Reulters Corporation Bond Spread (Bonds Online‚ 2012) Rating | 1year | 5year | 10years 15 years | 30 years | AAA | 14 | 40 | 68 N/A | 90 | BB | 195 | 225 | 265 N/A | 285 | CCC (JUNK) | 450 | 495 | 515 N/A | 545 | US Treasury Yield | 4.74
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Excerpt from FS Series #1: enabling sub-sovereign bond issuances B3. Case 3: Alternative Financing for Water Utilities — Lessons from a Failed Bond Issue in Indonesia B3a. Background and Environment PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN THE WATER SECTOR HAS BEEN VIRTUALLY ABSENT IN INDONESIA. ACHIEVING INDONESIA’S MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL‚ TO HALVE THE PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WITHOUT SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AND BASIC SANITATION BY 2015‚ WOULD REQUIRE A TENFOLD ANNUAL INCREASE IN INVESTMENTS
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Chapter 6 Bond Valuation 6.5 Duration and Convexity Problem Given a 4-yr treasury bond with a face value of $1‚000‚ an annual coupon rate of 3.20%‚ which had a yield to maturity of 2.53%‚ this bond makes 2 semi-annual coupon payments. Thus has 8 periods until maturity and we are required to determine what the duration‚ modified duration‚ and convexity of this bond is‚ based on the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) and the Effective Annual Rate (EAR). Also‚ we are asked to explain an intuitive interpretation
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borrowing money by issuing bonds is that interest payments‚ unlike dividends‚ are tax-deductible. But interest has to be paid even in a year in which a company makes no profit‚ so it is safer to have equity capital as well‚ on which no dividends need be paid if there are no profits. 4/29/2014 3 4 • What are differences between bonds and shares? Stocks and Bonds Which security is better? 4/29/2014 4/29/2014 5 1 4/29/2014 STRUCTURE BONDS - a form of debt with
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