widely distributed‚ simple in structure. We do not perceive consciously such as blood pressure. Special senses: limited to the head- are inverted in the cranial nerves. Vision‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ taste‚ and smell. Bradykinin: most potent pain stimulus known. And promotes healing. Neuropathy: sense of pain is lost due to the nerve damage. Nociceptors do not occur in the brain and liver however they occur in the meninges. Dura‚ arachnoid‚pia. Histamine‚ prostaglandinds‚ and serotin also stimulate
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1. White matter is found on the outside or surface of the cord. It connects the cord and the brain and is made up of nerve fibres. White matter contains motor fibres which run down from the motor centre of the brain‚ the cerebrum and the cerebellum to the motor cells of the cord Sensory fibres also run up the cord from the sensory cells of the cord to the sensory centre of the brain. 2. ANTERIOR HORNS – The anterior horns of the spinal cord is the front grey matter section of the spinal
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Chiari malformation: A quantitative approach with MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 9:1033-1036‚ 1985). Presenting symptoms range from severe headache‚ nausea and vomiting to numbness‚ tingling and weakness. Symptoms may also relate to lower cranial nerve palsies‚ causing dysphagia or dysphonia. Neurologic signs may include spasticity‚ motor and sensory deficits. Neurootologic or neuroophthalmologic findings ranging from nystagmus to impaired visual acuity and papilledema (?) may also be
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light. Corneal light reflex. This exam also checks the sensory function of cranial nerve V (Trigeminal). Upon using the penlight‚ the light reflected symmetrically from both eyes with no evidence of involuntary movements in both eyes. Cover-uncover. Absence of strabismus noted on both eyes that were tested (covered eye). EOM/Six cardinal fields of gaze. This exam also checks the functions of cranial nerves III (Oculomotor)‚ IV (Trochlear) and VI (Abducens). Patient performed the exam with no
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be taken. To understand the structure and function of multipolar neuron‚unipolar and bipolar neurons. Also to identify the structures of a nerve. There are no safety concerns for this lab. Step 1: Relates to Lab Exercise 10/Activity 1‚ 3‚ and 4. Assignment 1: Write a brief description of the three slides (Neuron‚ Spinal Cord Smear and C.S of Myelinated Nerve Fibers) as though you were explaining it to someone who cannot see the slide. Neuron- There is a reddish rounded shape with lighter thin looking
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communication network - coordinates and organizes 3 Division: 1. CNS- central nervous system - made up of the brain and the spinal cord 2. PNS- peripheral nervous system - includes nerves that connect the CNS to the remote body parts - relays and receives messages 3. ANS- autonomic nervous system - regulates the involuntary function of the internal organs. Histology: made up of 2 cells
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increased action of the reflexes.1 Hyperflexia (exaggerated response) results from damaged or diseased motor areas in the CNS.2Hypoflexia is defined as a diminished function of the reflexes. Hypoflexia (inhibited response) results from degeneration of nerve pathways‚ voluntary motor control‚ and other factors.2 1. Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary 2. http://ghsaandp.weebly.com/uploads/5/3/4/7/5347576/nerve_reflex.pdf C. What can you conclude about the effect of mental distraction on reflex activity
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2/27/12 A. Objective I. Activity 1-4: Eliciting a Nerve Impulse • Investigate what kinds of stimuli stimulate action potential. II. Activity 8: Nerve Conduction Velocity • Determine and compare the conduction velocities of different types of nerves. B. Introduction I. Activity 1-4: Eliciting a Nerve Impulse • In this experiment‚ we will be investigating what stimulates action potential on the nerve being tested on the oscillator. The factors that helped determine
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a simple nerve circuit. A stimulus‚ such as a light tap with a rubber hammer‚ causes sensory neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to the spinal cord. There‚ the signals are conveyed both to the brainand to nerves that control muscles affected by the stimulus. Without any brain intervention‚ these muscles may respond to an appropriate stimulus by contracting. Reflex tests measure the presence and strength of a number ofreflexes. In so doing‚ they help to assess the integrity of the nerve circuits
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understand abnormality in the nerve that cause disorders. The objective of this study was to trigger a compound nerve action potentials (CAPs) and examine the effects of a stimulus voltage on a nerve and inspect their threshold‚ refractory period and also their velocity. Compound nerve action potentials (CAPs) are summed action potential of one nerve‚ one nerve consists of many neurons. We used the sciatic Lithobates pipiens nerve in this experiment‚ the sciatic nerve is long nerve‚ it extends from the buttocks
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