while PDAP is characterized by intra-oral well-localized pain in the dento-alveolar region (17). Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has a
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The Oculomotor nerve functions in opening and moving the eye‚ constricts and focuses the pupil. It originates in the midbrain and passes through the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone. TheTrochlear nerve causes the superior oblique to contract‚ thereby moving the eyeball inferiorly and laterally (Primal). Passes through the sphenoid bone through the superior orbital fissure. The Trigeminal nerve is composed of the ophthalmic‚ maxillary‚ and mandibular nerves. All three serve different
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The headache of migraine results from neurogenic inflammation of first-division trigeminal sensory neurons that innervate the large vessels and meninges of the brain. This causes a change in the way that pain is processed by the brain. Increased neuronal activity can be demonstrated in areas of the brainstem during migraine‚ and this persists even when the headache is relieved by triptans. It is not known whether this brainstem activation reflects the cause of migraine (the so-called brainstem generator)
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come up with these brief info. around Pain. First‚ we must know neuro system well. I’ll start describing anatomically and physiologically. -As we know main 3 component of neuro system is Brain-----Spinal cord-----Peripheral nervous system. - All nerves do synaptic connections in SC‚ MO then ascend into subcortical nuclei. - PNS divided into: 1) Visceral system and it consist of: ANS‚ Sympathetic (TL)‚ Parasympathetic (craniosacral) and enteric. 2) Somatic system. • Some of pain principles: - As
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Headache Introduction “A Headache is defined as a pain in the head or upper neck. It is one of the most common locations of pain in the body and has many causes. Headaches have numerous causes‚ and in 2007 the International Headache Society agreed upon an updated classification system for headache.”(1) Because so many people suffer from headaches and because treatment sometimes is difficult‚ it is hoped that the new classification system will allow health care practitioners come
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However‚ the gill arches during the embryonic stage create similar structure in use‚ not appearance. The first gill arch creates “the trigeminal nerve in both humans and sharks” (Shubin 91). The cells of the second gill arch gives us cartilage and muscle that helps the creation of the stapes‚ as well as another bone‚ the hyoid‚ that assists in swallowing. In a shark‚ the same arch “helps with
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making it difficult to be realised until complications occur (Walerstein‚ 2010). Diving reflex is a reflex of mammals‚ reptiles‚ and birds that causes the body to respond in a number of different ways when the trigeminal facial nerves are stimulated or when the body undergoes apnea. These nerves are stimulated when the face comes in contact with cool water (below 21C). The colder the water‚ the quicker the physiological changes occur. The physiological changes that occur are bradycardia (slowing down
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Mastication is the action of chewing on food using the teeth‚ making it easy to be ingested by the body. It is known to be the first and foremost step of digestion as food can’t be swallowed effectively without it being turned into something that is easily consumable. For the jaw to be able to churn the food repeatedly‚ it requires muscles to adduct and abduct as well as give it strength to bite on hard food such as tooth-crackers. Muscles of mastication are known to be the most crucial muscles
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Extracerebral vessels‚ located at the base and surface of the brain‚ are innervated by perivascular nerves originating from the superior cervical ganglion‚ responsible for the sympathetic innervation‚ the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia‚ mainly supplying parasympathetic nerves‚ as well as the trigeminal ganglion [59]. This extrinsic innervation is lost‚ when perforating arteries enter the brain. These parenchymal arterioles have unique properties compared to the microvasculature found in other organs;
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The herpes virus is one of the most prevalent viral diseases known to man. As much as eighty percent of all people‚ worldwide‚ have herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1)‚ and twenty percent have herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2). This may sound like scary statistics‚ but most infected people suffer only mild discomfort. The more common form‚ HSV1‚ usually causes the occasional blister-like sores on or around the mouth. These blisters are called cold sores or fever blisters and‚ as most sufferers know
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