What Is Microbiology? Microbiology is the study (logy) of very small (micro) living (bio) things. Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. These "bugs" include: bacteria (that’s the Latin plural for bacterium); viruses (that’s the non-Latin plural for virus - virii sounds weird‚ so I don’t say it); and‚ fungi (that’s the Latin plural for fungus - which by now you have guessed‚ or already knew‚ and may not be all that interested to know‚ anyway). Microbiology is actually made up of several
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Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann was a German microbiologist whose 1882 experiment measured the effects of different colors of light on photosynthetic activity and showed that the conversion of light energy to chemical energy took place in the chloroplast. In 1881‚ he observed the movement of bacteria towards the chloroplasts in a strand of “Spirogyra” algae. Engelmann hypothesized that the bacteria were moving in response to oxygen generated by the photo synthetically active chloroplasts in the algae.
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Contributors to Microbiology Pioneers of Microbiology I. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Oct. 24‚ 1632- Aug. 30‚ 1723) A. In 1676 Leeuwenhoek saw tiny organisms in water‚ he was the first man to observe and describe bacteria accurately. He discovered microscopic nematodes‚ blood cells and sperm. He also made over 500 microscopes to view specific objects. B. Microbiology is concerned with the study of all forms of life that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Antonie’s work
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outbreak. This analysis was done by utilizing all of the proper methods taught thus far in the microbiology laboratory for the identification of two unknown bacteria. An unknown labeled as number 3 was given out by the lab instructor. The methods that have been lectured and absorbed pertaining to identifying
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unknown bacteria from a mixed culture provided to us. This study was done by applying all of the methods that have been instructed on thus far in microbiology laboratory class. Each test performed‚ provided us with some key information about the unknown microbes in question . The identification of unknown bacteria is a time honored part of microbiology courses. It will challenge knowledge and skill in performing laboratory techniques‚ ability to critically evaluate the information obtained from
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Review Questions 1. Which type of S. pneumoniae strain is the most virulent‚ encapsulated or unencapsulated? 2. What allows S. pneumoniae to adhere to cell walls‚ phosphorylcholine or polysaccharide? 3. Which infections are most commonly caused by S. pneumoniae‚ arthritis & peritonitis or meningitis & bacteremia? both 4. What can society do to help protect itself from antimicrobial resistance‚ increase or decrease antimicrobial usage? Decrease usage 1. Staphylococcus aureus‚
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Increasing evidence suggests that the alarming rise in allergic and autoimmune disorders during the past few decades is at least partly attributable to our lack of exposure to microorganisms that once covered our food and us. As nature’s blanket‚ the potentially pathogenic and benign microorganisms associated with the dirt that once covered every aspect of our preindustrial day guaranteed a time-honored co-evolutionary process that established “normal” background levels and kept our bodies from overreacting
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Open Reading Frames * (ORFs) are regions with no stop codons. All genes reside in long open reading frames * Note that stop codons in other reading frames have no effect on the gene. * Can be searched in the genome sequence. Valid only for prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. Protein Sequencing vs. DNA sequencing * We compare protein sequences‚ not DNA‚ because protein is more conserved in evolution than DNA * The organism’s survival depends on the protein being
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capabilities of specific bacteria. 1. Catalase Test- Enzyme: Catalase Substrate: Hydrogen Peroxide Reagent: Hydrogen Peroxide Product: Oxygen Medium: TSA Bubbles (+)- Catalase… No Bubbles (-)- No Catalase 2. Denitrification Test- Enzyme: Nitrate Reductase Substrate: Nitrate Reagent: None Product: Nitrogen Gas
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