Timbuktu was and still is located in Mali‚ Africa. It served its importance in 1300-1600 BCE. through scholars‚ trade‚ and architectural achievements. The importance of scholars‚ wealth‚ trade and architectural achievements‚ along with the influential people made Timbuktu one of the most important cities in the post-classical world. One of the scholars at this time was Al-Rahman‚ who was an Arab scholar who visited Timbuktu. He found that scholars of Timbuktu were more knowledgeable in Islamic teachings
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of the rebellion was one of the consequences of the AFRICOM coordinated NATO intervention in Libya and the overthrow of the Gadhdhafi regime.[76] Gadhdhafi’s fall led many Tuareg who had been part of his security forces or who had been working in Libya to flee into north Mali with weapons. There they joined disillusioned Tuareg tribesman.[77] The case of Iyad Ag Ghali is noteworthy. Rumoured to be the head of the Ansar Dine group operating in Timbuktu and Gao‚ Ghali had previously fought alongside
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|Influence of Trans-Saharan Trade on West Africa | SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: Describe the role of the trans-Saharan caravan trade in the changing religious and cultural characteristics of West Africa and the influence of Islamic beliefs‚ ethics‚ and law. DO NOT WRITE ON THIS HANDOUT. Read the chart to answer questions on the next page. Impact of Trans-Saharan Trade |[pic] |CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARD 7.4.3 |Influence of Trans-Saharan Trade on
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Tuareg * They were once nomads throughout the Sahara. * The Tuareg today are found mostly in North Africa and West Africa. * Total population: 5.2 million * Niger: 1‚720‚000 (1998) * Mali: 1‚440‚000 (1991) * The language of the Tuareg is called Tamaschek. * Religion:Islam * They call themselves Kel Tamasheq/Kel Tamajaq‚ Kel Tagelmust or Imuhaq/Imuscha. * The most legendary of Tuareg leaders was Tin Hinan * Other confederation leaders followed under
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Alive”‚ which states‚ “Tuareg Nomads mover their herds to find water‚ or a better pasture. The Tuareg depend on their animals for milk. They trade cheese‚ milk and some meat for the goods they cannot make or grow themselves.” This shows that the Tuareg try to give their herds the best living conditions by moving from place to place to find food and water for them‚ because they are dependent on these animals for their survival and well being. Another adaptation that the Tuareg use is wearing long baggy
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the citizens who are perceived as Tuareg and Arab are in fear of their lives. Why? Because their skin tone is the same as many of the Islamic groups who took over the country. The fear of retaliation is so great that many hide inside their homes and wait. (Today‚ 2013) Chaos and upheaval are nothing new to Mali. Mob lynching’s‚ executions and looting are some of the concerns facing Mali. This latest conflict began one year ago when fighting between Tuareg rebels and government forces broke
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president. Overtime new constitutions were formed and President Traore became re-elected until 1992 when Mali elected their first ever-democratic president‚ Alpha Konare to take over. During the years of president Konare‚ a peace agreement was signed with Tuareg tribes and many years later in 2001‚ the Manantali dam produced its first megawatt of electricity. April of 2002‚ Amadou Toumani Toure won by a landslide in the election and became Mali’s new president. For a little over a year Mali was run smoothly
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Gender Gender is a social concept that identifies culturally prearranged responsibilities and roles that both sexes are expected to follow. Men assumed superiority over women and preserved it through domination across the centuries. Consequently‚ women have perpetually maintained a lower status to men in the United States. But the degree of disparity between the sexes has changed across time and currently women are closer than ever to being somewhat equal to men. However‚ there are still detrimental
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Organized Week 9 Presentation Notes Lumumba Shabaka Perception of origin Swahili emphasized distinctivesness Swahili means “coasters” in Arabic Claiming Persian & Arab descent Uungwana (civilized) ways Swahili architecture emerged suddenly along with Muslim religion in 11 & 12 cent‚ supposedly no local archetypes Ustaaarabu (Arabness): used Arab script‚ Arab names‚ etc. 1980s: Neville Chittick & Mark Horton challenge this sudden rise; World System Linkage Egyptian‚ Arab‚
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the Mali conflict met in Ouagadougou at the initiative of President Blaise Compaoré of Burkina Faso‚ who is mandated by the Economic Community of African States (ECOWAS)‚ to find a solution to the crisis. The National Union Government of Bamako‚ the Tuareg rebels of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) and the Islamist Ansar Dine agreed on “the need to create a framework for dialogue” for a “cessation of hostilities”. According to the statement issued after the meeting‚ the MNLA
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