targeting of T cells to tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56:1219–1231. 53. Lu Y‚ Sega E‚ Leamon CP‚ Low PS. 2004. Folate receptor-targeted immunotherapy of cancer: Mechanism and therapeutic potential. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56:1161–1176. 54. Lu Y‚ Low PS. 2002. Folate targeting of haptens to cancer cell surfaces mediates immunotherapy of syngeneic murine tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 51:153–162. 55. Lu Y‚ Low PS. 2003. Immunotherapy of folate receptor-expressing tumors: Review of recent advances
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an example of that. So what is this mystical new wonder called gene therapy? Gene therapy is the introduction of genes into existing cells to prevent or cure a wide range of diseases. “For example‚ suppose a brain tumor is forming by rapidly dividing cancer cells. The reason this tumor is forming is due to some mutated gene. The therapy chosen for this case would be to use a herpes virus that has had its virulence removed‚ rendering it harmless. The virus is still able to insert its genetic material
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gigantism. They include McCune Albright syndrome‚ Carney complex‚ multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1‚ neurofibromatosis‚ and most common; a tumor on the pituitary gland. The other causes are very rare. The gland controls many functions of the body. When a tumor grows on the gland it causes the body to produce excessive growth hormone. The size of the tumor can possibly determine the different symptoms the person experiences. With gigantism‚ symptoms vary depending on the person and their condition
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 LATAR BELAKANG Karsinoma Nasofaring (KNF) adalah penyakit yang penyebabnya multifaktor. Insiden dan distribusi geografiknya tergantung pada beberapa faktor‚ seperti kerentanan genetik‚ faktor-faktor lingkungan‚ diet dan kebiasaan personal (Dhingra‚ 2004). Banyak teori faktor-faktor etiologi telah dikemukakan‚ tapi penyebab pasti masih belum ditemukan (Holt dan Shockley‚ 1993). Sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa etiologi KNF adalah multifaktor‚ termasuk genetik‚ lingkungan
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this occurs abnormal cells grow out of control and form a mass‚ known as a tumor. Skin cells that are healthy and in normal conditions‚ divide in an orderly way to replace dead cells and grow new skin. In order to understand how skin cancer is conceived‚ we must first understand that not all skin cancers are deadly or life threatening. At least 60% of all skin tumors are considered Benign or non- malignant tumors. These tumors grow in very few of our skins layers‚ and do not invade or surround vital
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Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. X-rays‚ gamma rays‚ and charged particles are types of radiation used for cancer treatment. The radiation may be delivered by a machine outside the body called a linear accelerator to focus x-rays directly on the tumor or tumor bed (external-beam radiation therapy)‚ or it may come from radioactive material placed in the body near cancer cells (internal radiation therapy‚ also called brachytherapy). Systemic
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Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes tumors to form in and on the brain‚ spinal cord‚ and nerves. This disorder is diagnosed by a number of tests‚ such as physical examinations‚ CT scans‚ MRI’s‚ and genetic testing. Researching medical and family histories can also be helpful. Neurofibromatosis cannot be cured; however‚ treatments may help. Treatments can include chemotherapy‚ radiation therapy‚ or surgeries‚ such as laminectomies and spinal fusions. Some people
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activity. The use of ECVT-based brain activity scanner in detecting brain cancer is possible since the presence of tumor will prevent neuro-signal from reaching the cortical areas. Brain tumors prevent neuro-signal propagation to the cortex‚ causing a certain “brain signal death”‚ indicated by low activity of the brain on corresponding cortex. Therefore‚ the location of brain tumor will be shown as having low activity in the ECVT brain activity map. The ECVT has an advantage over other functional
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with the BRCA mutation. The results illustrated that genetics were not the sole factor in ER-negative tumors in African women and that social factors were at play (Huo 2009). Recent research has shown the effects of environmental stress on breast cancer. When rats are socially isolated early in life‚ increasing stress and vigilance and prompting immune system changes‚ they develop breast tumors 40% earlier and four times more often than do rats housed in groups. The isolated rats also displayed larger
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My project is about lung cancer‚ which falls under the science branch of oncology. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung. The uncontrolled reproduction of cells results in the formation of tumors that can block or compress airways and displace or damage normal lung tissue. This can make the lung stop functioning as it should. Most lung cancers start in the lining of the bronchi‚ or in glands below the lining of the bronchi‚ frequently in the periphery of the lungs.
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