It causes extreme fatigue and nausea. Early effects begin as lumps and masses in the breast. These tumors can be painful and can even cause changes to the breast surface. It also commonly metastasizes‚ or spreads‚ to other tissues in the lungs‚ bones‚ and liver‚ as was the case with my Grandma. There are many causes of Breast Cancer‚ but the most common
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cost of either of the 2 FDA-approved FISH assays (just reagents) is almost $100‚ with considerable cost added by the need to purchase a fluorescence microscope and filters. It also may be difficult to visualize the morphologic features of the tumor cells and to separate in situ from invasive carcinoma when evaluating the amplification product with fluorescence. In addition‚ fluorescence fades quickly and‚ therefore‚ is not a permanent record. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) seems
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PM-DTPA/PTX was developed to passively target solid tumors‚ however‚ instability of micellar carriers in an aqueous medium are often reported problems. Thus lyophilization is a potential alternative to prevent instability in these cases[23‚24‚30]. Given that freeze-dried kits for radiodiagnosis are reported as an easy‚ fast‚ safe and reproducible way to obtain radiopharmaceuticals‚ it has been seen as a safe and effective alternative to prepare the PM-DTPA/PTX formulation[22‚31‚32]. However‚ considering
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cells grow‚ divide‚ and stay alive are called oncogenes. Others that slow down cell division‚ or cause cells to die at the right time‚ are called tumor suppressor genes” (The American Cancer Society medical and editorial content team‚ 2016). Sometimes cells incorrectly copy the DNA during mitosis causing there to be irregularities in the oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes which then triggers the sudden death and/or reproduction of
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The affected genes are divided into two broad categories. Oncogenes are genes which promote cell growth and reproduction. Tumor suppressor genes are genes which inhibit cell division and survival. Malignant transformation can occur through the formation of novel oncogenes‚ the inappropriate over-expression of normal oncogenes‚ or by the under-expression or disabling of tumor suppressor genes. Typically‚ changes in many genes are required to transform a normal cell into a cancer cell.[41] Genetic
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Lung cancer is a cancer that starts off or eventually grows into the lungs. The cancer is formed when the lung cells don’t function properly and start rapidly reproducing and then forming tumors. There are three main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer‚ small cell lung cancer‚ and a lung carcinoid tumor. Non-small cell lung cancer is the main type of lung cancer‚ affecting around 85% of people with lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer
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skin‚ and in some cases‚ under it. The disorder also enters the skeletal level and enlarges and distorts bones as well as adds curvature to the spine. Occasionally tumors develop on the brain or spinal cord. Half of the people with NF1 also inhibit learning disabilities. The less common disorder‚ NF2‚ characterizes itself by multiple tumors on cranial and spinal nerves. Hearing loss will nearly inevitably occur in the early teens for people with NF2. Genetic Cause [pic] Most commonly Neurofibromatosis
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of cancer are treatable‚ and some are not. Cancer usually comes from the development of a tumor. Tumors form in the body when cells are produced without cause. New cells are formed when they are not needed‚ and they group together to form a tumor. The tumor can be benign‚ which means that it is non-cancerous‚ or it can be malignant‚ which means that it is cancerous. If cells break away from a malignant tumor‚ they will enter the bloodstream‚ and spread throughout the body‚ hurting other parts of the
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the long term goals have to be realistic and rational‚ maybe even a combination strategy that can be effectively as well as safely be used in clinical testing. Another thing that is noteworthy is that the standard criteria used for defining the responses from tumors and progression might not correctly reflect patient responses to
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The decision of a laparoscopic liver surgery or open liver surgery is based on the location and size of the tumor. Laparoscopic (minimally invasive) liver resection can be performed through three of four small keyhole-sized incisions in the abdomen to remove the tumor whether they are benign or malignant. The patient experiences lesser pain and scarring as compared to the traditional open liver resection and can be discharged earlier‚ approximately in two to three days after the procedure. Standard
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